[Takaitawa] Dangane da adadi mai yawa na bayanai na gwaji, wannan labarin ya tattauna batutuwa da dama masu muhimmanci wajen zaɓar ingancin haske a masana'antun masana'antu, ciki har da zaɓar tushen haske, tasirin hasken ja, shuɗi da rawaya, da kuma zaɓin kewayon haske, don samar da haske game da ingancin haske a masana'antun masana'antu. Ƙaddamar da dabarun daidaitawa yana ba da wasu mafita masu amfani waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don tunani.
Zaɓin tushen haske

Masana'antun masana'antu gabaɗaya suna amfani da fitilun LED. Wannan saboda fitilun LED suna da halaye na ingantaccen haske, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, ƙarancin samar da zafi, tsawon rai da ƙarfin haske mai daidaitawa da bakan, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya biyan buƙatun girma na shuka da ingantaccen tarin abu ba, har ma yana adana kuzari, rage farashin samar da zafi da wutar lantarki. Ana iya ƙara raba fitilun LED zuwa fitilun LED masu bakan gizo guda ɗaya don manufa ta gabaɗaya, fitilun LED masu bakan gizo guda ɗaya, da fitilun LED masu bakan gizo masu haɗawa da yawa. Farashin fitilun LED guda biyu na ƙarshe gabaɗaya ya fi sau 5 na fitilun LED na yau da kullun, don haka ya kamata a zaɓi tushen haske daban-daban bisa ga dalilai daban-daban. Ga manyan masana'antun masana'antu, nau'ikan tsire-tsire da suke nomawa suna canzawa tare da buƙatar kasuwa. Domin rage farashin gini kuma ba zai shafi ingancin samarwa ba, marubucin ya ba da shawarar amfani da kwakwalwan LED masu bakan gizo don hasken gabaɗaya azaman tushen haske. Ga ƙananan masana'antun shuke-shuke, idan nau'ikan shuke-shuken sun kasance a tsaye, domin samun ingantaccen samarwa da inganci ba tare da ƙara yawan kuɗin gini ba, ana iya amfani da guntun LED masu faɗi-faɗi don hasken da aka ƙera musamman ga shuke-shuke ko na gabaɗaya a matsayin tushen haske. Idan ana son yin nazarin tasirin haske akan girman shuke-shuke da tara abubuwa masu tasiri, don samar da mafi kyawun dabarar haske don samar da babban girma a nan gaba, ana iya amfani da haɗakar fitilun LED masu daidaitawa da yawa don canza abubuwa kamar ƙarfin haske, bakan da lokacin haske don samun mafi kyawun dabarar haske ga kowane shuka don samar da tushe don samar da babban girma.

Hasken ja da shuɗi

Dangane da takamaiman sakamakon gwaji, idan abun da ke cikin hasken ja (R) ya fi na hasken shuɗi (B) girma (letas R:B = 6:2 da 7:3; spinach R:B = 4:1; 'ya'yan itacen gourd R:B = 7:3; 'ya'yan kokwamba R:B = 7:3), gwajin ya nuna cewa abun da ke cikin biomass (gami da tsayin shukar ɓangaren sama, matsakaicin yankin ganye, nauyin sabo da nauyin busasshiyar, da sauransu) sun fi girma, amma diamita na tushe da ma'aunin shuka mai ƙarfi na tsire-tsire sun fi girma lokacin da abun da ke cikin hasken shuɗi ya fi na hasken ja girma. Ga alamun sinadarai, abun da ke cikin hasken ja ya fi na shuɗi girma gabaɗaya yana da amfani ga ƙaruwar abun da ke cikin sukari mai narkewa a cikin tsire-tsire. Duk da haka, don tara VC, furotin mai narkewa, chlorophyll da carotenoids a cikin tsire-tsire, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da hasken LED tare da ƙarin haske mai shuɗi fiye da hasken ja, kuma abun da ke cikin malondialdehyde shima yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin haske.

Tunda masana'antar shuka galibi ana amfani da ita ne don noman kayan lambu masu ganye ko kuma don kiwon 'ya'yan itatuwa a masana'antu, za a iya kammalawa daga sakamakon da ke sama cewa a ƙarƙashin manufar ƙara yawan amfanin gona da kuma la'akari da ingancinsa, ya dace a yi amfani da guntun LED masu haske mai ja fiye da hasken shuɗi a matsayin tushen haske. Mafi kyawun rabo shine R:B = 7:3. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan rabo na haske ja da shuɗi ya shafi dukkan nau'ikan kayan lambu ko tsire-tsire masu ganye, kuma babu takamaiman buƙatu ga tsire-tsire daban-daban.

Zaɓin tsawon ja da shuɗi

A lokacin photosynthesis, makamashin haske galibi yana sha ta hanyar chlorophyll a da chlorophyll b. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna siginar sha na chlorophyll a da chlorophyll b, inda layin kore shine siginar sha na chlorophyll a, kuma layin shuɗi shine siginar sha na chlorophyll b. Ana iya gani daga siginar cewa duka chlorophyll a da chlorophyll b suna da ƙololuwar sha biyu, ɗaya a yankin haske mai shuɗi ɗayan kuma a yankin haske mai ja. Amma ƙololuwar sha biyu na chlorophyll a da chlorophyll b sun ɗan bambanta. Don zama daidai, tsawon tsayi biyu na chlorophyll a sune 430 nm da 662 nm, bi da bi, kuma tsawon tsayi biyu na chlorophyll b sune 453 nm da 642 nm, bi da bi. Waɗannan ƙimar tsawon tsayi huɗu ba za su canza tare da shuke-shuke daban-daban ba, don haka zaɓin tsawon tsayi ja da shuɗi a cikin tushen haske ba zai canza tare da nau'ikan shuke-shuke daban-daban ba.

Siffar shaye-shayen chlorophyll a da chlorophyll b

Ana iya amfani da hasken LED na yau da kullun mai faɗi a matsayin tushen hasken masana'antar shuka, matuƙar hasken ja da shuɗi zai iya rufe tsawon tsayin chlorophyll a da chlorophyll b guda biyu, wato, tsawon tsayin hasken ja gabaɗaya shine 620 ~ 680 nm, yayin da hasken shuɗi. Tsawon tsayin tsinken haske daga 400 zuwa 480 nm. Duk da haka, tsawon tsayin hasken ja da shuɗi bai kamata ya yi faɗi sosai ba domin ba wai kawai yana ɓatar da makamashin haske ba, har ma yana iya samun wasu tasirin.

Idan aka yi amfani da hasken LED wanda ya ƙunshi ja, rawaya da shuɗi a matsayin tushen hasken masana'antar shuka, ya kamata a saita tsawon hasken ja zuwa tsawon tsayin chlorophyll a, wato, a 660 nm, tsawon tsayin tsaunin shuɗi ya kamata a saita shi zuwa tsawon tsayin chlorophyll b, wato a 450 nm.

Matsayin hasken rawaya da kore

Ya fi dacewa idan rabon hasken ja, kore da shuɗi shine R:G:B = 6:1:3. Dangane da tantance tsawon tsayin hasken kore, tunda galibi yana taka rawa wajen tsara ci gaban tsirrai, yana buƙatar ya kasance tsakanin 530 da 550 nm kawai.

Takaitaccen Bayani

Wannan labarin ya tattauna dabarun zaɓar ingancin haske a masana'antun masana'antu daga fannoni na nazari da aiki, gami da zaɓin kewayon tsawon tsayi na hasken ja da shuɗi a cikin tushen hasken LED da kuma rawar da rabon hasken rawaya da kore. A cikin tsarin girma na tsirrai, ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaito mai ma'ana tsakanin abubuwa uku na ƙarfin haske, ingancin haske da lokacin haske, da alaƙarsu da abubuwan gina jiki, zafin jiki da danshi, da yawan CO2. Don ainihin samarwa, ko kuna shirin amfani da hasken LED mai faɗi ko haɗin guntu mai daidaitawa da yawa, rabon tsawon tsayi shine babban abin la'akari, saboda ban da ingancin haske, ana iya daidaita wasu abubuwa a ainihin lokacin aiki. Saboda haka, mafi mahimmancin la'akari a matakin ƙira na masana'antun masana'antu ya kamata ya zama zaɓin ingancin haske.

Marubuci: Yong Xu

Tushen labarin: Labarin Wechat na Fasahar Injiniyan Noma (noman lambun kore)

Magana: Yong Xu,Dabarun zaɓar ingancin haske a masana'antun masana'antu [J]. Fasahar Injiniyan Noma, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.