Marubuci: Zhang Chaoqin.Source: DIGITIMES

Ana sa ran karuwar yawan jama'a da ci gaban ci gaban birane za su karfafa da inganta ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antar noma a tsaye.An yi la'akari da gonakin da ke tsaye a matsayin za su iya magance wasu matsalolin samar da abinci, amma ko zai iya zama mafita mai ɗorewa don samar da abinci, masana na ganin cewa har yanzu akwai ƙalubale a gaskiya.

A cewar rahoton na Food Navigator da The Guardian, da kuma bincike na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, yawan al'ummar duniya zai karu daga mutane biliyan 7.3 na yanzu zuwa mutane biliyan 8.5 a 2030, da kuma mutane biliyan 9.7 a 2050. FAO ta kiyasta cewa domin a samu saduwa da ciyar da jama'a a shekarar 2050, samar da abinci zai karu da kashi 70% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2007, kuma nan da shekarar 2050 noman hatsi a duniya dole ne ya karu daga ton biliyan 2.1 zuwa tan biliyan 3.Naman yana buƙatar ninka sau biyu, ƙara zuwa tan miliyan 470.

Daidaita da ƙara ƙarin ƙasa don noman noma na iya zama ba lallai ba ne ya magance matsalar a wasu ƙasashe.Burtaniya ta yi amfani da kashi 72% na kasarta wajen noman noma, amma har yanzu tana bukatar shigo da abinci.Har ila yau Birtaniya na kokarin yin amfani da wasu hanyoyin noma, kamar yin amfani da ramukan jiragen sama da suka saura daga yakin duniya na biyu, don dasa shuki irin wannan.Mai gabatar da shirin Richard Ballard shima yana shirin fadada zangon shuka a shekarar 2019.

A daya bangaren kuma, yin amfani da ruwa yana kawo cikas ga samar da abinci.A cewar kididdigar OECD, kusan kashi 70% na amfani da ruwa na gonaki ne.Canjin yanayi kuma yana kara tsananta matsalolin samarwa.Har ila yau, ƙauyuka yana buƙatar tsarin samar da abinci don ciyar da mazauna biranen da ke karuwa cikin sauri tare da ƙarancin ma'aikatan karkara, ƙarancin ƙasa da ƙarancin ruwa.Wadannan batutuwa suna haifar da ci gaban gonaki a tsaye.
Halin rashin amfani da gonaki a tsaye zai ba da dama don ba da damar samar da noma shiga cikin birni, kuma yana iya zama kusa da masu amfani da birane.An rage nisa daga gona zuwa mabukaci, yana rage duk hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, kuma masu amfani da birane za su fi sha'awar tushen abinci da samun sauƙin samun sabbin kayan abinci mai gina jiki.A da, ba shi da sauƙi ga mazauna birane su sami abinci mai kyau.Ana iya gina gonaki a tsaye kai tsaye a cikin kicin ko na bayan gida.Wannan zai kasance mafi mahimmancin sakon da ci gaban gonaki na tsaye ya isar.

Bugu da kari, yin amfani da tsarin noma a tsaye zai yi tasiri sosai kan tsarin samar da noma na gargajiya, kuma za a rage yawan amfani da magungunan noma na gargajiya kamar takin zamani, maganin kashe kwari da na ciyawa.A gefe guda kuma, buƙatar tsarin HVAC da tsarin sarrafawa zai ƙaru don kula da mafi kyawun yanayi don kula da ruwan kogi.Noma a tsaye gabaɗaya yana amfani da fitilun LED na musamman don siffanta hasken rana da sauran kayan aiki don saita gine-gine na cikin gida ko waje.

Bincike da haɓakar gonaki na tsaye kuma sun haɗa da "fasaha mai wayo" da aka ambata don lura da yanayin muhalli da inganta amfani da ruwa da ma'adanai.Fasahar Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) ita ma za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa.Ana iya amfani da shi don rikodin bayanan girma na shuka.Za a iya gano girbin amfanin gona ta hanyar kwamfuta ko wayar hannu a wasu wurare.

gonaki na tsaye suna iya samar da abinci mai yawa tare da ƙarancin ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa, kuma suna da nisa da takin sinadari masu cutarwa da magungunan kashe qwari.Duk da haka, ɗakunan ajiya a cikin ɗakin suna buƙatar ƙarin makamashi fiye da aikin noma na gargajiya.Ko da akwai tagogi a cikin ɗakin, yawanci ana buƙatar hasken wucin gadi saboda wasu dalilai masu ƙuntatawa.Tsarin kula da yanayi na iya samar da mafi kyawun yanayin girma, amma kuma yana da ƙarfin kuzari sosai.

Bisa kididdigar da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Burtaniya ta fitar, ana noman letas ne a cikin wani greenhouse, kuma an kiyasta cewa ana bukatar makamashin kusan kilowatt 250 a kowace murabba'in murabba'in yankin shuka a kowace shekara.Bisa ga binciken haɗin gwiwar da ya dace na Cibiyar Nazarin DLR ta Jamus, gonaki a tsaye mai girman girman yanki na buƙatar makamashi mai ban mamaki na 3,500 kWh kowace shekara.Sabili da haka, yadda za a inganta amfani da makamashi mai karɓuwa zai zama muhimmin batu don ci gaban fasaha na gaba na gonaki a tsaye.

Bugu da kari, gonakin tsaye suma suna da matsalolin kudade na saka hannun jari.Da zarar 'yan jari-hujja sun ja hannu, kasuwancin kasuwanci zai daina.Misali, Paignton Zoo a Devon, UK, an kafa shi a cikin 2009. Yana ɗaya daga cikin farkon farawar gonaki a tsaye.Ya yi amfani da tsarin VertiCrop don shuka kayan lambu masu ganye.Bayan shekaru biyar, saboda rashin isassun kudade na baya, tsarin kuma ya shiga tarihi.Kamfanin da ya biyo baya shine Valcent, wanda daga baya ya zama Alterrus, kuma ya fara kafa hanyar dasa shuki a saman rufi a Kanada, wanda a ƙarshe ya ƙare a cikin fatara.