[Abstract] A halin yanzu, na'urorin dashen gida yawanci suna ɗaukar ƙirar haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke kawo matsala mai yawa ga motsi da lodawa da saukewa. Dangane da halaye na wurin zama na mazauna birane da kuma manufar ƙira na samar da tsire-tsire na iyali, wannan labarin yana ba da shawarar sabon nau'in ƙirar na'urar dasa iyali da aka riga aka tsara. Na'urar ta ƙunshi sassa hudu: tsarin tallafi, tsarin noma, tsarin ruwa da taki, da tsarin ƙarin haske (mafi yawa, LED girma fitilu). Yana da ƙaramin sawun ƙafa, babban amfani da sararin samaniya, tsarin sabon labari, rarrabuwa mai dacewa da haɗuwa, ƙarancin farashi, da ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi. Yana iya biyan bukatun mazauna birane game da latas don seleri, kayan lambu mai sauri, kabeji mai gina jiki da begonia fimbristipula. Bayan ƙananan gyare-gyare, ana iya amfani da shi don binciken gwajin kimiyyar tsirrai

Gabaɗaya Zayyana Kayan Aikin Noma

Ka'idojin Zane

Na'urar noman da aka riga aka kera an fi karkata ne ga mazauna birane. Tawagar ta yi cikakken bincike game da halayen wuraren zama na mazauna birane. Yankin ƙananan ne kuma yawan amfani da sararin samaniya yana da yawa; Tsarin labari ne kuma kyakkyawa; ya dace don tarwatsawa da tarawa, mai sauƙi da sauƙin koya; yana da low cost da kuma karfi practicability. Waɗannan ka'idoji guda huɗu suna gudana cikin tsarin ƙira gabaɗaya, kuma suna ƙoƙarin cimma burin ƙarshe na daidaitawa tare da yanayin gida, kyakkyawan tsari da tsari mai kyau, da ƙimar amfani da tattalin arziki da aiki.

Abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su

Ana siyan firam ɗin tallafi daga samfuran shiryayye masu yawa na kasuwa, tsayin mita 1.5, faɗin 0.6m, da tsayin mita 2.0. Kayan yana da ƙarfe, fesa da tsatsa, kuma an haɗa kusurwoyi huɗu na firam ɗin tallafi tare da ƙafafun birki na duniya; da ribbed farantin da aka zaba don ƙarfafa goyon bayan frame Layer farantin wanda aka yi da 2 mm lokacin farin ciki farantin karfe tare da fesa-roba anti-tsatsa magani, guda biyu a kowace Layer. A namo trough aka yi da bude-hula PVC hydroponic square tube, 10 cm × 10 cm. Kayan abu yana da katako na PVC mai wuya, tare da kauri na 2.4 mm. Diamita na ramukan noma shine 5 cm, kuma tazarar ramukan noma shine 10 cm. An yi tankin maganin abinci mai gina jiki ko tankin ruwa da akwatin filastik tare da kauri na bango na 7 mm, tare da tsayin 120 cm, faɗin 50 cm, tsayin 28 cm.

Tsarin Tsarin Na'urar Noma

Dangane da tsarin tsarin gaba ɗaya, na'urar noman iyali da aka riga aka kera ta ƙunshi sassa huɗu: tsarin tallafi, tsarin noma, tsarin ruwa da taki, da tsarin ƙarin haske (mafi yawa, LED girma fitilu). Ana nuna rarrabawa a cikin tsarin a hoto 1.

Hoto 1, ana nuna rarraba a cikin tsarin.

Tsarin tsarin tallafi

Tsarin tallafi na na'urar noman iyali da aka riga aka tsara yana kunshe da madaidaicin sanda, katako da farantin karfe. An shigar da sandar sanda da katako ta cikin rami na malam buɗe ido, wanda ya dace don ƙwanƙwasa da haɗuwa. An sanye da katako da farantin haƙarƙari mai ƙarfi. Hannun kusurwoyi huɗu na firam ɗin noman suna waldawa da ƙafafun duniya tare da birki don ƙara sassaucin motsin na'urar noma.

Tsarin tsarin noma

A namo tanki ne 10 cm × 10 cm hydroponic square tube tare da bude murfin zane, wanda yake da sauki tsaftacewa, kuma za a iya amfani da gina jiki bayani namo, substrate namo ko ƙasa namo. A cikin noman maganin abinci mai gina jiki, ana sanya kwandon dasa a cikin ramin dasa, kuma an gyara seedlings tare da soso na daidaitattun bayanai. Lokacin da ake noman ƙasa ko ƙasa, soso ko gauze ana cusa a cikin ramukan haɗawa a ƙarshen tudun noman don hana ƙasa ko ƙasa daga toshe tsarin magudanar ruwa. Ƙarshen biyu na tanki na noma suna da alaƙa da tsarin wurare dabam dabam ta hanyar bututun roba tare da diamita na ciki na 30 mm, wanda ke guje wa lahani na ƙarfafa tsarin da ke haifar da haɗin gwiwar manne na PVC, wanda ba shi da amfani ga motsi.

Tsare-tsare Tsare-tsare na Ruwa da Taki

A cikin noman maganin gina jiki, yi amfani da famfo mai daidaitacce don ƙara maganin gina jiki a cikin tankin noma na sama, da sarrafa madaidaicin hanyar mafita na gina jiki ta cikin filogin ciki na bututun PVC. Don guje wa rashin daidaituwa na tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, mafita mai gina jiki a cikin tankin namo-layi ɗaya yana ɗaukar hanyar kwararar “S-shaped” unidirectional. Don ƙara yawan iskar oxygen na kayan abinci mai gina jiki, lokacin da mafi ƙanƙanta Layer na maganin gina jiki ya fita, an tsara wani tazari tsakanin tashar ruwa da matakin ruwa na tankin ruwa. A cikin noman ƙasa ko ƙasa, an sanya tankin ruwa a saman Layer, kuma ana aiwatar da shayarwa da hadi ta hanyar tsarin ban ruwa mai ɗigo. Babban bututun bututun PE baki ne mai diamita 32 mm da kaurin bango 2.0 mm, bututun reshe kuma bututun PE baki ne mai diamita 16 mm da kaurin bango 1.2 mm. Kowane bututu reshe Sanya bawul don sarrafa mutum ɗaya. Kibiyar digo tana amfani da diyar kibiya madaidaiciyar diyya, 2 a kowane rami, ana saka shi cikin tushen seedling a cikin ramin noma. Ana tattara ruwa mai yawa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, tacewa kuma a sake amfani da shi.

Tsarin Kariyar Haske

Lokacin da ake amfani da na'urar noma don samar da baranda, ana iya amfani da hasken halitta daga baranda ba tare da ƙarin haske ko ƙaramin haske ba. Lokacin da ake noma a cikin falo, wajibi ne don aiwatar da ƙarin ƙirar haske. Wutar lantarki shine tsayin 1.2m LED girma haske, kuma lokacin hasken yana sarrafa ta ta atomatik mai ƙidayar lokaci. An saita lokacin haske zuwa sa'o'i 14, kuma lokacin haske mara kari shine sa'o'i 10. Akwai fitilolin LED guda 4 a kowane Layer, waɗanda aka sanya su a ƙasan Layer. An haɗa bututu huɗu a kan layi ɗaya a jere, kuma an haɗa yadudduka a layi daya. Dangane da bukatun haske daban-daban na tsire-tsire daban-daban, ana iya zaɓar hasken LED tare da bakan daban-daban.

Haɗin Na'ura

Na'urar noman gida da aka riga aka yi tana da sauƙi a cikin tsari (Hoto 2) kuma tsarin haɗuwa yana da sauƙi. A mataki na farko, bayan kayyade tsayin kowane Layer bisa ga tsayin amfanin gona da aka noma, saka katako a cikin rami na malam buɗe ido na sandar madaidaiciya don gina kwarangwal na na'urar; a mataki na biyu, gyara LED girma haske tube a kan ƙarfafa haƙarƙari a baya na Layer, da kuma sanya Layer a ciki trough na crossbeam na namo frame; Mataki na uku, kwararon noma da tsarin zagayawa na ruwa da taki ana haɗa su da bututun roba; Mataki na hudu, shigar da bututun LED, saita lokaci ta atomatik, kuma sanya tankin ruwa; na biyar mataki-tsarin debugging, ƙara ruwa zuwa tankin ruwa Bayan daidaita famfo kai da kwarara, duba ruwa da taki wurare dabam dabam tsarin da kuma dangane da namo tanki ga ruwa yayyo, kunna wuta da duba LED fitilu dangane da aiki. yanayin na'urar lokaci ta atomatik.

Hoto na 2, gabaɗayan ƙirar na'urar noma da aka riga aka yi

Aikace-aikace da kimantawa

Aikace-aikacen noma

A cikin 2019, za a yi amfani da na'urar don ƙananan kayan lambu na cikin gida kamar latas, kabeji na kasar Sin, da seleri (Hoto na 3). A cikin 2020, bisa ga taƙaita ƙwarewar noman da ta gabata, ƙungiyar aikin ta haɓaka aikin noma na abinci da kayan lambu mai kauri da kuma fasahar noman abinci mai gina jiki na Begonia fimbristipula hance, wanda ya wadatar da misalan aikace-aikacen gida na na'urar. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata na noma da aikace-aikace, letas da kayan lambu da sauri za a iya girbe kwanaki 25 bayan noma a cikin gida zazzabi na 20-25 ℃; seleri yana buƙatar girma don kwanaki 35-40; Begonia fimbristipula Hance da kabeji na kasar Sin sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda za a iya girbe su a lokuta da yawa; Begonia fimbristipula na iya girbi saman 10 cm mai tushe da ganye a cikin kimanin kwanaki 35, kuma za a iya girbe matasa mai tushe da ganye a cikin kwanaki 45 don girma kabeji. Lokacin girbi, yawan amfanin ƙasa na letas da kabeji na kasar Sin shine 100 ~ 150 g kowace shuka; yawan amfanin ƙasa na farin seleri da ja seleri a kowace shuka shine 100 ~ 120 g; yawan amfanin ƙasa na Begonia fimbristipula Hance a cikin girbi na farko yana da ƙasa, 20-30 g kowace shuka, kuma tare da ci gaba da germination na rassan gefen, ana iya girbe shi a karo na biyu, tare da tazara na kimanin kwanaki 15 da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 60- 80 g da shuka; yawan amfanin ramin menu mai gina jiki shine 50-80 g, ana girbe sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 25, kuma ana iya girbe shi gabaɗaya.

Hoto 3, Samar da aikace-aikacen na'urar noma da aka riga aka yi

Tasirin Aikace-aikace

Bayan fiye da shekara guda na samarwa da aikace-aikacen, na'urar na iya yin cikakken amfani da sararin samaniya mai girma uku na ɗakin don ƙananan kayan amfanin gona iri-iri. Ayyukan lodi da sauke shi suna da sauƙi da sauƙi don koyo, kuma ba a buƙatar horo na ƙwararru. Ta hanyar daidaita ɗagawa da kwararar famfo na ruwa, za a iya guje wa matsalar wuce gona da iri da kuma zubar da sinadarin gina jiki a cikin tankin noma. Ƙirar murfin buɗewa na tanki na noma ba kawai sauƙin tsaftacewa ba bayan amfani, amma kuma yana da sauƙin maye gurbin lokacin da kayan haɗi suka lalace. Tankin noma yana da alaƙa da bututun roba na ruwa da tsarin zagayawa ta taki, wanda ke fahimtar tsarin ƙirar tankin noma da tsarin rarraba ruwa da taki, kuma yana guje wa rashin lahani na haɗaɗɗen ƙira a cikin na'urar hydroponic na gargajiya. Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da na'urar don binciken kimiyya a karkashin yanayin zafi da zafi mai iya sarrafawa baya ga noman amfanin gona na gida. Ba wai kawai yana adana sararin gwaji ba, har ma ya sadu da buƙatun yanayin samarwa, musamman ma daidaiton yanayin ci gaban tushen. Bayan sauƙi mai sauƙi, na'urar noma kuma na iya biyan buƙatun hanyoyin jiyya daban-daban na yanayin rhizosphere, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar shuka.

Tushen labarin: asusun Wechat naFasahar Injiniyan Aikin Noma (Green House Noma) 

Bayanin bayani: Wang Fei, Wang Changyi, Shi Jingxuan, et al.Zane da aikace-aikacen na'urar noman gida da aka riga aka kera[J].Fasahar Injiniyan Aikin Noma,2021,41(16):12-15.