Asalin asali: Houcheng Liu.Matsayin haɓakawa da yanayin masana'antar hasken wutar lantarki ta LED [J].Journal of Illumination Engineering,2018,29(04):8-9.
Tushen labarin: Abu Da zarar Zurfi

Haske shine ainihin yanayin muhalli na girma da ci gaban shuka.Haske ba wai kawai yana samar da makamashi don ci gaban shuka ta hanyar photosynthesis ba, har ma yana da mahimmanci mai kula da girma da ci gaban shuka.Ƙarin haske na wucin gadi ko cikakken haske mai haske na wucin gadi zai iya inganta haɓakar shuka, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, inganta siffar samfur, launi, haɓaka kayan aikin aiki, da rage faruwar cututtuka da kwari.A yau, zan raba tare da ku matsayin ci gaba da yanayin masana'antar hasken wutar lantarki.
Ana ƙara amfani da fasahar tushen hasken wucin gadi a fagen hasken shuka.LED yana da fa'idodi da yawa kamar ingantaccen haske mai ƙarfi, ƙirar ƙarancin zafi, ƙaramin girman, tsawon rai da sauran fa'idodi masu yawa.Yana da fa'ida a bayyane a fagen girma hasken wuta.Masana'antar haɓaka hasken wuta a hankali za ta ɗauki na'urorin hasken LED don shuka shuka.

A.The ci gaban matsayi na LED girma lighting masana'antu 

1.LED kunshin don girma lighting

A fagen girmar marufi LED marufi, akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi, kuma babu tsarin ma'auni da ƙima ɗaya.Saboda haka, idan aka kwatanta da na gida kayayyakin, kasashen waje masana'antun yafi mayar da hankali a kan high-ikon, cob da module kwatance, la'akari da farin haske jerin girma lighting, la'akari da shuka girma halaye da kuma humanized haske yanayi, da mafi fasaha abũbuwan amfãni a AMINCI, haske. iya aiki, photosynthetic radiation halaye na daban-daban shuke-shuke a cikin daban-daban girma hawan keke, ciki har da daban-daban na high-power, matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kuma low-power shuke-shuke na daban-daban masu girma dabam kayayyakin, don saduwa da wani iri-iri na shuke-shuke a cikin daban-daban ci gaban yanayi, sa ran cimma. makasudin inganta ci gaban shuka da ceton makamashi.

Babban adadin ainihin haƙƙin mallaka na guntu epitaxial wafers har yanzu suna hannun manyan manyan kamfanoni irin su Nichia na Japan da Ayyukan Amurka.Masu kera guntu na cikin gida har yanzu ba su da samfuran haƙƙin mallaka tare da gasa na kasuwa.A lokaci guda kuma, kamfanoni da yawa suna haɓaka sabbin fasahohi a fagen girmar fakitin fakitin hasken wuta.Misali, fasahar guntu na fim ta Osram na ba da damar yin amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta a hade tare don ƙirƙirar shimfidar haske mai girma.Dangane da wannan fasaha, ingantaccen tsarin hasken wuta na LED tare da tsayin tsayin 660nm na iya rage 40% na amfani da makamashi a yankin noma.

2. Haɓaka bakan haske da na'urori
Bakan na hasken shuka ya fi rikitarwa da bambanta.Tsire-tsire daban-daban suna da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin yanayin haɓaka daban-daban har ma a cikin yanayin girma daban-daban.Don saduwa da waɗannan buƙatun bambance-bambance, a halin yanzu akwai tsare-tsare masu zuwa a cikin masana'antar: ①Tsarin haɗin haske na monochromatic da yawa.Siffofin mafi inganci guda uku don photosynthesis na shuka sune galibi bakan tare da kololuwa a 450nm da 660nm, rukunin 730nm don haifar da furen shuka, da hasken kore na 525nm da ultraviolet band kasa da 380nm.Haɗa waɗannan nau'ikan bakan bisa ga buƙatun tsirrai daban-daban don samar da mafi dacewa bakan.②Cikakken tsarin bakan don cimma cikakkiyar ɗaukar nauyin buƙatun shuka.Irin wannan nau'in bakan da ya dace da guntu SUNLIKE da Seoul Semiconductor da Samsung ke wakilta bazai zama mafi inganci ba, amma ya dace da duk tsire-tsire, kuma farashin ya fi ƙasa da na hanyoyin haɗin haske na monochromatic.③Yi amfani da cikakken farin haske mai cikakken bakan azaman jigon, da 660nm ja haske azaman tsarin haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka tasirin bakan.Wannan makirci ya fi tattalin arziki da aiki.

Shuka girma lighting monochromatic haske LED kwakwalwan kwamfuta (babban zangon su ne 450nm, 660nm, 730nm) marufi na'urorin da yawa na cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje kamfanoni ne rufe, yayin da na cikin gida kayayyakin ne mafi bambancin da kuma da karin bayani dalla-dalla, kuma kasashen waje masana'antun' kayayyakin sun fi daidaita.A lokaci guda, dangane da photon flux na photosynthetic, Hasken haske, da dai sauransu, har yanzu akwai babban rata tsakanin masana'antun na gida da na waje.Don na'urorin fakitin hasken wutar lantarki na tsire-tsire, ban da samfuran da ke da babban madaidaicin madauri na 450nm, 660nm, da 730nm, masana'antun da yawa kuma suna haɓaka sabbin samfura a cikin sauran maƙallan tsayin tsayi don gane cikakken ɗaukar hoto don radiation mai aiki da hoto (PAR) tsawo (450-730nm).

Monochromatic LED shuka girma fitilu ba dace da ci gaban duk shuke-shuke.Sabili da haka, ana nuna fa'idodin LED masu cikakken bakan.Cikakken bakan dole ne ya fara cimma cikakken ɗaukar hoto na cikakken bakan na haske mai iya gani (400-700nm), kuma ya haɓaka aikin waɗannan makada biyu: haske mai shuɗi-kore (470-510nm), haske mai zurfi ja (660-700nm).Yi amfani da guntu mai shuɗi mai shuɗi ko ultraviolet LED guntu tare da phosphor don cimma bakan "cikakken" bakan, kuma ingancin sa na hoto yana da nasa babba da ƙasa.Yawancin masana'antun na'urorin fakitin LED masu hasken shuka suna amfani da guntu mai shuɗi + phosphor don cimma cikakkiyar bakan.Baya ga yanayin marufi na haske na monochromatic da haske mai shuɗi ko guntu na ultraviolet da phosphor don gane farin haske, na'urorin fakitin hasken shuka suma suna da yanayin marufi wanda ke amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta guda biyu ko fiye, kamar ja goma shuɗi / ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW .Wannan yanayin marufi yana da babban fa'ida a cikin dimming.

Dangane da samfuran LED masu tsayi kunkuntar, yawancin masu ba da kaya na iya ba abokan ciniki samfuran tsayi daban-daban a cikin rukunin 365-740nm.Game da bakan hasken shuka wanda aka canza ta hanyar phosphor, yawancin masana'antun marufi suna da nau'ikan bakan don abokan ciniki za su zaɓa daga.Idan aka kwatanta da 2016, yawan karuwar tallace-tallace a cikin 2017 ya sami karuwa mai yawa.Daga cikin su, girman girma na 660nm LED haske tushen yana mayar da hankali a cikin 20% -50%, da kuma tallace-tallace girma kudi na phosphor-converted shuka LED haske tushen ya kai 50% -200 %, wato, tallace-tallace na phosphor-juya shuka. Maɓuɓɓugan hasken LED suna girma da sauri.

Duk kamfanonin marufi na iya ba da 0.2-0.9 W da 1-3 W samfuran marufi na gabaɗaya.Wadannan hanyoyin haske suna ba da damar masana'antun hasken wuta su sami sassauci mai kyau a cikin ƙirar haske.Bugu da kari, wasu masana'antun kuma suna samar da samfuran marufi da aka haɗa da ƙarfi.A halin yanzu, fiye da 80% na jigilar kayayyaki na mafi yawan masana'antun sune 0.2-0.9 W ko 1-3 W. Daga cikin su, jigilar kayayyaki na manyan kamfanonin marufi na duniya sun mayar da hankali a cikin 1-3 W, yayin da jigilar kanana da matsakaici- Kamfanonin marufi masu girma sun maida hankali a cikin 0.2-0.9 W.

3.Fields na aikace-aikace na shuka girma lighting

Daga fannin aikace-aikace, tsire-tsire masu girma da hasken wuta ana amfani da su a cikin fitilun greenhouse, masana'antun masana'antu na zamani, al'adun nama, hasken filin noma na waje, kayan lambu na gida da dasa furanni, da bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje.

①A cikin wuraren shayarwa na hasken rana da kuma gidajen lambuna masu yawa, yawan hasken wucin gadi don ƙarin hasken wuta har yanzu yana da ƙasa, kuma fitilun halide na ƙarfe da fitilun sodium mai ƙarfi sune manyan.Adadin shigar da tsarin hasken wutar lantarki na LED yana da ƙasa kaɗan, amma haɓakar haɓaka yana fara haɓaka yayin da farashin ya ragu.Babban dalili shi ne cewa masu amfani da dogon lokaci da kwarewa na yin amfani da karfe halide fitilu da high-matsi sodium fitilu, da kuma yin amfani da karfe halide fitilu da high-matsi sodium fitilu zai iya samar da kusan 6% zuwa 8% na zafi makamashi ga. greenhouse yayin da guje wa konewa ga shuke-shuke.Tsarin hasken wutar lantarki na LED bai samar da takamaiman umarni masu inganci da goyan bayan bayanai ba, wanda ya jinkirta aikace-aikacen sa a cikin hasken rana da kuma wuraren greenhouses masu yawa.A halin yanzu, ƙananan aikace-aikacen zanga-zangar har yanzu sune jigo.Kamar yadda LED shine tushen haske mai sanyi, yana iya kasancewa kusa da alfarwar tsirrai, yana haifar da ƙarancin zafin jiki.A cikin hasken rana da wuraren zama masu yawa, LED girma hasken wuta ana amfani dashi a cikin noman tsire-tsire.

② Aikace-aikacen filin noma na waje.Shigarwa da aikace-aikacen hasken shuka a cikin kayan aikin gona ya kasance a hankali, yayin da aikace-aikacen tsarin hasken wutar lantarki na LED (ikon sarrafa hoto) don amfanin gona na yau da kullun na waje tare da ƙimar tattalin arziki mai girma (kamar 'ya'yan itacen dragon) ya sami ci gaba cikin sauri.

③Kamfanonin shuka shuka.A halin yanzu, mafi sauri kuma mafi yawan amfani da tsarin hasken shuka shine masana'antar shukar haske ta wucin gadi, wacce ta kasu kashi-kashi mai yawa da kuma rarraba masana'antar shuka mai motsi ta nau'i.Haɓaka masana'antun sarrafa hasken wucin gadi a kasar Sin yana da sauri sosai.Babban aikin saka hannun jari na masana'antar masana'antar hasken lantarki ta zamani ba kamfanonin aikin gona na gargajiya ba ne, amma sun fi yawan kamfanoni da ke tsunduma cikin ayyukan semiconductor da samfuran lantarki, kamar Zhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, da kuma COFCO da Xi Cui da sauran sabbin kamfanonin noma na zamani.A cikin masana'antun tsire-tsire masu rarraba da wayar hannu, kwantena na jigilar kaya (sabbin kwantena ko sake gina kwantena na hannu na biyu) har yanzu ana amfani da su azaman masu jigilar kaya.Tsarin hasken tsire-tsire na duk tsire-tsire na wucin gadi galibi suna amfani da tsarin tsararrun haske ko na layi, kuma adadin nau'ikan da aka shuka yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa.Daban-daban dabarar haske na gwaji iri-iri na tushen hasken LED sun fara zama ko'ina kuma ana amfani da su.Kayayyakin da ke kasuwa galibi koren ganye ne.

④ Dasa tsire-tsire na gidaje.Ana iya amfani da LED a cikin fitilun tebur na tsire-tsire na gida, rassan dasa shuki na gida, injin kayan lambu na gida, da sauransu.

⑤ Noman tsire-tsire na magani.Noman tsire-tsire na magani ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire irin su Anoectochilus da Lithospermum.Kayayyaki a cikin waɗannan kasuwanni suna da ƙimar tattalin arziƙi mafi girma kuma a halin yanzu masana'antu ne tare da ƙarin aikace-aikacen hasken shuka.Bugu da kari, halaccin noman cannabis a Arewacin Amurka da sassan Turai ya haɓaka aikace-aikacen haɓaka hasken LED a fagen noman cannabis.

⑥ Fitilar furanni.A matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don daidaita lokacin furen furanni a cikin masana'antar aikin lambu, farkon aikace-aikacen fitilun furanni sune fitilun fitilu, sannan fitilun fitilu masu ceton kuzari.Tare da haɓaka masana'antu na LED, ƙarin na'urorin hasken furanni na LED sun maye gurbin fitilun gargajiya a hankali.

⑦Al'adun nama na shuka.Maɓuɓɓugan haske na al'adun nama na gargajiya galibi fararen fitilun fitilu ne, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin haske da haɓakar zafi mai girma.LEDs sun fi dacewa da ingantaccen, sarrafawa da ƙaƙƙarfan al'adun nama na tsire-tsire saboda fitattun fasalulluka kamar ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin zafi da kuma tsawon rai.A halin yanzu, fararen bututun LED a hankali suna maye gurbin farar fitilu masu kyalli.

4. Rarraba yanki na girma kamfanonin hasken wuta

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a halin yanzu akwai kamfanoni sama da 300 da ke samar da hasken wutar lantarki a kasar ta, kuma kamfanonin da ke samar da hasken wuta a yankin kogin Pearl Delta sun kai fiye da kashi 50%, kuma sun riga sun shiga wani babban matsayi.Kamfanonin haɓaka hasken wuta a cikin Kogin Yangtze suna da kusan kashi 30%, kuma har yanzu yanki ne mai mahimmanci don haɓaka samfuran hasken wuta.Kamfanonin noman fitulu na gargajiya ana rarraba su ne a kogin Yangtze Delta, kogin Pearl da kuma Bohai Rim, wanda kogin Yangtze ya kai kashi 53%, sai kuma kogin Pearl da Bohai Rim na kashi 24% da 22% bi da bi. .Babban wuraren rarraba LED masu haɓaka hasken wuta sune Delta River Delta (62%), Kogin Yangtze Delta (20%) da Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Ci gaban yanayin LED girma masana'antar hasken wuta

1. Kwarewa

LED girma lighting yana da halaye na daidaitacce bakan da kuma haske tsanani, low zafi tsara, da kuma mai kyau hana ruwa yi, don haka ya dace da girma haske a daban-daban al'amuran.A lokaci guda, sauye-sauye a yanayin yanayi da kuma neman ingancin abinci na mutane sun inganta haɓakar haɓaka aikin gona da masana'antu, kuma ya jagoranci masana'antar hasken wuta ta LED zuwa wani lokaci na ci gaba cikin sauri.A nan gaba, hasken wutar lantarki na LED zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin noma, inganta amincin abinci, da inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.Madogarar hasken LED don haɓaka hasken wutar lantarki zai ƙara haɓaka tare da ƙwarewar masana'antu a hankali kuma yana motsawa cikin hanyar da aka fi niyya.

2. Babban inganci

Haɓaka ingancin haske da ƙarfin kuzari shine mabuɗin don rage yawan farashin aiki na hasken shuka.Yin amfani da LEDs don maye gurbin fitilun gargajiya da haɓaka haɓakawa da daidaita yanayin haske bisa ga ka'idodin tsarin haske na tsire-tsire daga matakin seedling zuwa matakin girbi sune abubuwan da babu makawa na ingantaccen aikin noma a nan gaba.Dangane da inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana iya noma shi a matakai da yankuna haɗe tare da dabarar haske bisa ga halaye na ci gaba na tsire-tsire don haɓaka haɓakar samarwa da yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowane mataki.Dangane da inganta inganci, ana iya amfani da ka'idojin abinci mai gina jiki da ka'idojin haske don ƙara abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki da sauran kayan aikin kula da lafiya.

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a halin yanzu, bukatun da ake da shi na shuka kayan lambu ya kai biliyan 680, yayin da karfin samar da shukar masana'anta bai kai kashi 10 cikin dari ba.A seedling masana'antu yana da mafi girma muhalli bukatun.Lokacin samarwa galibi shine hunturu da bazara.Hasken halitta yana da rauni kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin haske na wucin gadi.Hasken girma na shuka yana da ingantacciyar shigarwa da fitarwa da babban matakin karɓar shigarwar.LED yana da fa'idodi na musamman, saboda 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari (tumatir, cucumbers, melons, da sauransu) suna buƙatar grafted, kuma takamaiman bakan na ƙarin haske a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi na iya haɓaka warkar da tsire-tsire.Dasa kayan lambu na Greenhouse ƙarin haske na iya daidaita ƙarancin haske na halitta, haɓaka ingantaccen aikin shuka, haɓaka fure da 'ya'yan itace, haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, da haɓaka ingancin samfur.Hasken girma na LED yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen a cikin tsiron kayan lambu da samar da greenhouse.

3. Mai hankali

Hasken shuka shuka yana da buƙatu mai ƙarfi don sarrafa ainihin lokacin ingancin haske da adadin haske.Tare da haɓaka fasaha ta sarrafawa da kuma aikace-aikacen intanet na abubuwa, tsarin sarrafawa na ma'ana, kuma bisa ga yanayin girma na tsire-tsire da fitarwa na lokaci da fitarwa dole ne ya zama babban al'amari a nan gaba ci gaban shuka girma fasahar haske.