Marubuci: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, da dai sauransu.

Tushen Labari: Fasahar Injiniyan Noma ta Greenhouse

Wannan shine tushen gwaji na Cibiyar Kimiyyar Noma ta Gundumar Haidian, da kuma Nunin Fasaha ta Noma ta Haidian da Wurin Shakatawa na Kimiyya. A shekarar 2017, marubucin ya jagoranci gabatar da wani gidan kore mai gwajin fim na filastik mai tsawon zango da yawa tare da rufin zafi mai ƙarfi daga Koriya ta Kudu. A halin yanzu, Darakta Zheng ya mayar da shi gidan kore na samar da strawberry wanda ya haɗa da nunin fasaha, yawon buɗe ido da tsinkewa, nishaɗi da nishaɗi. Ana kiransa "5G Cloud Strawberry", kuma zan kai ku don ku dandana shi tare.

Shuka Gidan Greenhouse na Strawberry da Amfaninsa a Sararin Samaniya

Tsarin rataye da shiryayyen strawberry mai ɗagawa

Tsarin noma da hanyar noma

Wurin noma yana tattara ruwa da magudanar ruwa a ƙasan wurin noma, kuma ana ɗaga gefe a tsakiyar ƙasan wurin noma a cikin dogon hanya (daga cikin wurin noma, an samar da ramin ƙasa a ƙasa). Babban wurin samar da ruwa ga wurin noma ana shimfida shi kai tsaye a cikin wannan ramin ƙasa, kuma ruwan da aka zube daga wurin noma shi ma ana tattara shi cikin wannan ramin daidai gwargwado, sannan a ƙarshe a fitar da shi daga ƙarshen wurin noma.

Amfanin dasa strawberries da tukunyar noma shine cewa ƙasan tukunyar noma an raba shi da ƙasan ramin noma, kuma ba za a sami babban ruwa a ƙasan ƙasan ba, kuma iskar da ke cikin ƙasan ta inganta; Zai bazu tare da kwararar ruwan ban ruwa; na uku, ba za a sami ɓuɓɓuga ba lokacin da aka sanya substrate a cikin tukunyar noma, kuma shiryayyen noma yana da kyau da kyau gaba ɗaya. Rashin amfanin wannan hanyar shine galibin ban ruwa na digo da dasa tukunyar noma suna ƙara saka hannun jari a cikin gina kayan aiki.

Girman ramummuka da tukwane

Tsarin rataye da ɗagawa na noman rack

Tsarin ratayewa da ɗagawa na shiryayyen noma iri ɗaya ne da na shiryayyen ɗigon strawberry na gargajiya. Maƙallin rataye na ramin noma yana kewaye da wurin noma, kuma yana haɗa maƙallin ratayewa da ƙafafun juyawa tare da sukurin kwandon fure mai tsayin daidaitawa (wanda ake amfani da shi don daidaita daidaiton tsayin shigarwa na ramin noma). A kan ƙaramin maƙallin, ɗayan ƙarshen yana kan ƙafafun da aka haɗa da maƙallin tuƙi na na'urar rage injin.

Tsarin rataye shiryayye na noma

Dangane da tsarin rataye na duniya baki ɗaya, domin biyan buƙatun siffar sashe na musamman na wurin noma da kuma buƙatun nunin yawon buɗe ido, an tsara wasu kayan haɗi da kayan aiki na musamman a nan ta hanyar kirkire-kirkire.

(1) Maƙallin shiryayye na noma. Maƙallin rataye na shiryayyen noma da farko maƙallin rufewa ne, wanda ake ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar lanƙwasa da walda waya ta ƙarfe. Sashen kowane ɓangare na maƙallin rataye iri ɗaya ne, kuma halayen injina iri ɗaya ne; Sashen ƙasa na ramin kuma yana ɗaukar lanƙwasa mai daidai da rabin zagaye; na uku shine a naɗe tsakiyar maƙallin zuwa kusurwa mai kauri, kuma maƙallin sama yana maƙalli kai tsaye a wurin lanƙwasa, wanda ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da daidaiton tsakiyar nauyi na ramin noma ba, har ma ba ya faruwa nakasar gefe, kuma yana tabbatar da cewa maƙallin yana maƙalli da aminci kuma ba zai zame ko ya ɓace ba.

Buckle na noma shiryayye

(2) Igiyar rataye mai aminci. Dangane da tsarin rataye na gargajiya, ana shigar da ƙarin tsarin rataye mai aminci a kowace mita 6 a tsawon ramin noma. Bukatun ƙarin tsarin rataye mai aminci shine, na farko, su yi aiki tare da tsarin rataye mai tuƙi; na biyu, su sami isasshen ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya. Domin cimma buƙatun aiki da ke sama, an tsara kuma an zaɓi tsarin rataye mai lanƙwasa na na'urar lanƙwasa mai bazara don janye igiyar rataye na ramin noma. An shirya na'urar lanƙwasa mai bazara a layi ɗaya da igiyar rataye mai tuƙi, kuma an rataye shi kuma an ɗaure shi a ƙasan igiyar ginin kore.

Ƙarin Tsarin Dakatar da Tsaro

Kayan aikin samar da kayan aiki na kayan aikin noma

(1) Tsarin katin shuka. Tsarin katin shuka da aka ambata a nan ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: maƙallin katin shuka da igiyar azurfa mai launi. Daga cikinsu, maƙallin katin shuka wani taro ne da ya ƙunshi katin ninkawa mai siffar U da kuma katin siffar U mai siffar U mai sandunan iyaka biyu. Ƙasa da ƙasan katin da aka naɗe mai siffar U sun dace da girman waje na ramin noma, kuma suna kewaye ramin noma daga ƙasa; bayan rassansa biyu sun wuce wurin buɗe ramin noma, yi lanƙwasa don haɗa sandunan iyaka biyu, kuma yana taka rawar takaita lalacewar buɗe ramin noma; ƙaramin lanƙwasa ne mai siffar U wanda yake lanƙwasa sama, wanda ake amfani da shi don gyara igiyar rabuwar ganyen 'ya'yan itace na strawberries; saman katin mai siffar U lanƙwasa ne mai siffar W don gyara rassan strawberry da igiyar tsefe ganye. Katin da aka naɗe mai siffar U da sandar iyaka biyu duk an ƙirƙira su ta hanyar lanƙwasa waya ta ƙarfe mai galvanized.

Ana amfani da igiyar raba ganyen 'ya'yan itace don tattara rassan da ganyen strawberry a cikin faɗin buɗewar ramin noma, da kuma rataye 'ya'yan strawberry a wajen wurin noma, wanda ba wai kawai yana da kyau don girbe 'ya'yan itace ba, har ma yana kare strawberry daga fesa maganin ruwa kai tsaye, kuma yana iya inganta ingancin ado na shuka strawberry.

Tsarin katin shuka

(2) ragon rawaya mai motsi. An ƙera ragon rawaya mai motsi musamman, wato, an haɗa sandar tsaye don rataye allunan rawaya da shuɗi a kan tripod, wanda za'a iya sanya shi kai tsaye a kan benen kore kuma ana iya motsa shi a kowane lokaci.

(3) Motar kariya daga injinan tuƙi da kanta. Wannan motar za a iya sanya mata feshi mai kariya daga injinan tuƙi, wato, injin feshi mai sarrafa kansa, wanda zai iya gudanar da ayyukan kariya daga injinan tuƙi ba tare da masu aiki a cikin gida ba bisa ga hanyar da kwamfuta ta tsara, wanda zai iya kare lafiyar masu aikin gidan kore.

kayan aikin kare tsirrai

Tsarin Samar da Abinci Mai Gina Jiki da Ban Ruwa

Tsarin samar da mafita mai gina jiki da ban ruwa na wannan aikin an raba shi zuwa sassa 3: na farko shine ɓangaren shirya ruwa mai tsabta; na biyu shine tsarin ban ruwa da takin strawberry; na uku shine tsarin sake amfani da ruwa don noman strawberry. Ana kiran kayan aikin shirya ruwa mai tsabta da tsarin maganin gina jiki gaba ɗaya a matsayin shugaban ban ruwa, kuma kayan aikin samar da ruwa da mayar da shi ga amfanin gona ana kiran su da kayan aikin ban ruwa.

Tsarin Samar da Abinci Mai Gina Jiki da Ban Ruwa

Gaban ban ruwa

Ya kamata a sanya kayan aikin shirya ruwa mai tsafta a cikin matatun yashi da tsakuwa don cire yashi, da kuma kayan aikin tausasa ruwa don cire gishiri. Ana adana ruwan da aka tace da kuma mai laushi a cikin tankin ajiya don amfani daga baya.

Kayan aikin daidaitawa na maganin gina jiki gabaɗaya sun haɗa da tankunan kayan abinci guda uku don takin A da B, da tankin acid don daidaita pH, da kuma saitin mahaɗan taki. A lokacin aiki, ana daidaita maganin da ke cikin tankunan A, B da tankin acid gwargwadon tsarin da aka saita don samar da maganin gina jiki na ɗanye, kuma ana adana maganin gina jiki na ɗanye da injin taki ya tsara a cikin tankin ajiyar maganin don jira.

Kayan aikin shirya maganin abinci mai gina jiki

Tsarin samar da ruwa da dawo da amfanin gona na strawberry

Tsarin samar da ruwa da dawo da amfanin gona don shuka strawberry ya rungumi hanyar samar da ruwa mai tsakiya da kuma dawowa a ƙarshen ramin noma. Tunda ramin noma yana amfani da hanyar ɗagawa da ratayewa, ana amfani da nau'i biyu don samar da ruwa da kuma dawo da bututun ramin noma: ɗaya bututu ne mai ƙarfi; ɗayan kuma bututu ne mai sassauƙa wanda ke motsawa sama da ƙasa tare da ramin noma. A lokacin ban ruwa da hadi, ana aika ruwa daga tankin ruwa mai tsabta da tankin ajiyar ruwa mai ɗanye zuwa injin da aka haɗa da ruwa da taki don haɗawa bisa ga rabon da aka saita (hanya mai sauƙi za a iya amfani da mai amfani da taki mai dacewa, kamar Venturi, da sauransu, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi ko ba a tura shi ba) sannan a aika zuwa saman maƙallin noma ta babban bututun samar da ruwa (babban bututun samar da ruwa an sanya shi akan akwatin kore tare da faɗin gidan kore), kuma bututun roba mai sassauƙa yana jagorantar ruwan ban ruwa daga babban bututun samar da ruwa zuwa ƙarshen kowane ramin noma, sannan a haɗa shi da bututun reshen samar da ruwa da aka saita a cikin ramin noma. Bututun samar da ruwa a cikin ramin noma an shirya su a tsawon ramin noma, kuma a kan hanya, ana haɗa bututun digo bisa ga wurin da tukunyar noma take, kuma ana zuba abubuwan gina jiki a cikin tsakiyar tukunyar noma ta hanyar bututun digo. Maganin abinci mai yawa da aka fitar daga ƙasa ana zubar da shi a cikin ramin noma ta hanyar ramin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tukunyar noma sannan a tattara shi a cikin ramin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan ramin noma. Daidaita tsayin shigarwa na ramin noma don samar da kwararar ruwa akai-akai daga gefe ɗaya zuwa ɗayan. A kan gangaren gangara, ruwan da aka dawo da ban ruwa da aka tattara daga ƙasan ramin zai taru a ƙarshen ramin. Ana shirya wani buɗaɗɗe a ƙarshen ramin noma don haɗa tankin haɗin ruwan da aka dawo da shi, kuma ana haɗa bututun digo mai dawowa a ƙarƙashin tankin tattarawa, kuma a ƙarshe ana tattara ruwan da aka dawo da shi kuma a jefa shi cikin tankin dawo da ruwa.

Tsarin samar da ruwa da dawo da shi

Amfani da ruwan dawowa

Wannan ruwan da ke dawo da ruwan da ke dawo da ruwan da ke cikin gidan kore ba ya amfani da tsarin samar da ruwan strawberry a rufe, amma yana tattara ruwan da ke dawowa daga wurin dasa strawberry kuma yana amfani da shi kai tsaye don dasa kayan lambu na ado. An sanya wurin noma iri ɗaya mai tsayi kamar yadda aka sanya strawberry a kan bangon kewaye huɗu na gidan kore, kuma wurin noma yana cike da tushen noma don shuka kayan lambu na ado. Ana ba da ruwan da ke dawowa na strawberries kai tsaye ga waɗannan kayan lambu na ado, yana amfani da ruwa mai tsabta a cikin tankin ajiya don ban ruwa na yau da kullun. Bugu da ƙari, ana haɗa bututun samar da ruwa da bututun dawowa na wurin noma zuwa ɗaya a cikin ƙirar bututun samar da ruwa da dawowa. Ana amfani da yanayin ban ruwa na ruwa a cikin ramin noma. A lokacin samar da ruwa, ana buɗe bawul ɗin bututun samar da ruwa kuma an rufe bawul ɗin bututun dawowa. Bawul ɗin bututun rufewa kuma bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa a buɗe yake. Wannan hanyar ban ruwa tana adana bututun samar da ruwa na ban ruwa da ƙananan bututu a cikin ramin noma, tana adana jari, kuma ba ta da tasiri ga samar da kayan lambu na ado.

Noma Kayan Lambun Ado Ta Amfani da Ruwan Da Aka Dawo Da Shi

Gidajen kore da wuraren tallafi

An shigo da gidan kore daga Koriya ta Kudu gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2017. Tsawonsa mita 47 ne, faɗinsa mita 23, tare da jimillar faɗinsa mita 1081.² Tsawon gidan kore mai tsawon mita 7, bakin teku mai tsawon mita 3, tsayin rufin gidan shine mita 4.5, kuma tsayin tudun shine mita 6.4, tare da jimillar tsawon mita 3 da kuma fadin teku 15. Domin inganta rufin gidan kore mai tsawon mita 1, an sanya hanyar rufe ƙofa mai fadin mita 1 a kewaye da gidan kore, kuma an tsara labule mai rufin zafi mai tsawon mita biyu a cikin gida. A lokacin canjin tsarin, an maye gurbin igiyoyin kwance a saman ginshiƙai tsakanin tsawon gidan kore na asali da katako mai kauri.

Tsarin gidan kore

Gyaran tsarin dumamar yanayi na greenhouse yana riƙe da tsarin dumamar yanayi na rufin da bango tare da rufin da bango mai rufi biyu. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru 3 na aiki, ragar inuwa ta asali ta tsufa kuma ta lalace. A cikin gyaran gidan kore, an sabunta duk labulen rufi kuma an maye gurbinsu da barguna na auduga na acrylic, waɗanda suka fi sauƙi kuma sun fi rufewa da zafi, waɗanda aka yi a cikin gida. Daga ainihin aikin, haɗin gwiwa suna haɗuwa tsakanin labulen rufin, bargon rufi na bango da bargon rufi suna haɗuwa, kuma dukkan tsarin dumamar yanayi an rufe shi sosai.

Tsarin Rufe Gidaje na Greenhouse

Domin tabbatar da buƙatar haske don haɓakar amfanin gona, an ƙara tsarin ƙarin haske a cikin gyaran gidan kore. Ƙarin hasken ya yi amfani da tsarin hasken LED mai tasirin halittu, kowane hasken LED yana da ƙarfin 50 W, shirya ginshiƙai 2 a kowane tazara. Sararin kowane fitilar ginshiƙi shine mita 3. Jimlar ƙarfin haske shine 4.5 kW, daidai yake da 4.61 W/m² a kowace yanki. Ƙarfin hasken mita 1 zai iya kaiwa fiye da lita 2000.

A lokaci guda da ake shigar da ƙarin fitilun plnat, ana kuma sanya layuka na fitilun UVB a kowane fanni tare da tazara ta mita 2, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don tsaftace iska ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin gidan kore. Ƙarfin hasken UVB guda ɗaya shine W 40, kuma jimlar ƙarfin da aka shigar shine 4.36 kW, daidai yake da 4.47 W/m² kowane yanki naúrar.

Tsarin dumama gidan kore yana amfani da famfon zafi na iska mai tsafta ga muhalli, wanda ke aika iska mai zafi zuwa gidan kore ta hanyar na'urar musayar zafi. Jimillar ƙarfin famfon zafi na tushen iska a cikin gidan kore shine 210kW, kuma raka'a 38 na fanfunan musayar zafi suna rarraba daidai a cikin ɗakin. Rage zafi na kowane fanka shine 5.5kw, wanda zai iya tabbatar da zafin iska a cikin gidan kore sama da 5℃ a ƙarƙashin zafin waje na -15℃ a ranar da ta fi sanyi a Beijing, don haka tabbatar da samar da strawberry lafiya a cikin gidan kore.

Domin tabbatar da daidaiton yanayin zafin iska da danshi a cikin gidan kore da kuma samar da wasu motsin iska a cikin gida, gidan kore yana da fankar zagayawa ta iska a kwance. An shirya fankar zagayawa a tsakiyar gidan kore tare da tazara ta mita 18, kuma ƙarfin fanka ɗaya shine 0.12 kW.

Kayan aikin kula da muhalli na greenhouse suna tallafawa

Bayanin ambato:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, da dai sauransu.Dr. Zhou ya duba wurin rataye strawberry mai ɗagawa irin na Shiling (Ɗaya daga cikin Ɗari da Ashirin da Shida) da kayan aiki da kayan tallafi[J]. Fasahar Injiniyan Noma, 2022,42(7):36-42.