Takaitaccen Bayani: Shuke-shuken kayan lambu sune matakin farko a fannin samar da kayan lambu, kuma ingancin shuka yana da matukar muhimmanci ga yawan amfanin gona da ingancin kayan lambu bayan dasawa. Tare da ci gaba da inganta rabon aiki a masana'antar kayan lambu, shukar kayan lambu ta samar da sarkar masana'antu mai zaman kanta kuma ta samar da kayan lambu. Saboda mummunan yanayi, hanyoyin shuka na gargajiya sun fuskanci kalubale da yawa kamar jinkirin girma na shuka, girma na ganye, da kwari da cututtuka. Don magance shukar ganye, manoma da yawa na kasuwanci suna amfani da masu kula da girma. Duk da haka, akwai haɗarin taurin shuka, amincin abinci da gurɓatar muhalli tare da amfani da masu kula da girma. Baya ga hanyoyin sarrafa sinadarai, kodayake ƙarfafa injina, zafin jiki da kula da ruwa suma suna iya taka rawa wajen hana girma na shukar ganye, amma ba su da sauƙi kuma suna da tasiri. A ƙarƙashin tasirin sabuwar annobar Covid-19 ta duniya, matsalolin matsalolin kula da samarwa da ƙarancin aiki da hauhawar farashin aiki a masana'antar shuka sun fi bayyana.

Tare da haɓaka fasahar haske, amfani da hasken wucin gadi don kiwon 'ya'yan itatuwa yana da fa'idodin ingantaccen shuka, ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka, da sauƙin daidaitawa. Idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na gargajiya, sabon ƙarni na tushen hasken LED yana da halaye na adana kuzari, inganci mai yawa, tsawon rai, kariyar muhalli da dorewa, ƙaramin girma, ƙarancin hasken zafi, da ƙaramin girman tsayi. Yana iya tsara yanayin da ya dace bisa ga buƙatun girma da haɓaka na shuka a cikin muhallin masana'antun shuka, da kuma sarrafa tsarin ilimin halittar tsirrai da metabolism daidai, a lokaci guda, yana ba da gudummawa ga samar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire marasa gurɓatawa, daidaito da sauri, kuma yana rage zagayowar shuka. A Kudancin China, yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 60 don noman tsaba barkono da tumatir (ganye 3-4 na gaske) a cikin gidajen kore na filastik, da kuma kimanin kwanaki 35 don shuka kokwamba (ganye 3-5 na gaske). A ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antar shuka, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 17 kawai don noman tsaba na tumatir da kwanaki 25 don shuka barkono a ƙarƙashin yanayin lokacin photoperiod na awanni 20 da PPF na 200-300 μmol/(m2•s). Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar noman tsaba ta gargajiya a cikin gidan kore, amfani da hanyar noman tsaba ta masana'antar LED ta shukar kokwamba ta rage yawan zagayowar girma da kwanaki 15-30, kuma adadin furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa na mace a kowace shuka ya karu da kashi 33.8% da 37.3%, bi da bi, kuma mafi girman yawan amfanin gona ya karu da kashi 71.44%.

Dangane da ingancin amfani da makamashi, ingancin amfani da makamashi na masana'antun shuke-shuke ya fi na gidajen kore na Venlo a daidai wannan faɗin. Misali, a masana'antar shuke-shuke ta Sweden, ana buƙatar 1411 MJ don samar da kilogiram 1 na busasshen letas, yayin da ake buƙatar 1699 MJ a cikin gidan kore. Duk da haka, idan an ƙididdige wutar lantarki da ake buƙata a kowace kilogiram na busasshen letas, masana'antar shuke-shuke tana buƙatar 247 kW·h don samar da kilogiram 1 na busasshen letas, kuma gidajen kore a Sweden, Netherlands, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa suna buƙatar 182 kW·h, 70 kW·h, da 111 kW·h, bi da bi.

A lokaci guda, a masana'antar shuka, amfani da kwamfutoci, kayan aiki na atomatik, fasahar wucin gadi da sauran fasahohi na iya sarrafa yanayin muhalli da ya dace da noman shuka, kawar da iyakokin yanayin muhalli na halitta, da kuma cimma samar da shuka mai wayo, mai inganci da kuma na shekara-shekara mai dorewa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da shukar masana'antar shuka wajen samar da kayan lambu masu ganye, kayan lambu da sauran amfanin gona na tattalin arziki a Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Turai da Amurka da sauran ƙasashe. Babban jarin farko na masana'antun shuka, tsadar aiki, da kuma yawan amfani da makamashi a tsarin har yanzu sune matsalolin da ke takaita haɓaka fasahar noman shuka a masana'antun shuka na China. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da buƙatun yawan amfanin ƙasa da tanadin makamashi dangane da dabarun sarrafa haske, kafa samfuran girma kayan lambu, da kayan aikin sarrafa kansa don inganta fa'idodin tattalin arziki.

A cikin wannan labarin, an sake duba tasirin yanayin hasken LED akan girma da haɓaka tsirrai na kayan lambu a masana'antun tsire-tsire a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da hangen nesa na alkiblar bincike kan daidaita hasken tsirrai na kayan lambu a masana'antun tsire-tsire.

1. Tasirin Hasken Muhalli akan Girma da Ci gaban 'Ya'yan Itacen Lambu

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban tsirrai da ci gabansu, haske ba wai kawai tushen kuzari ne ga tsirrai don aiwatar da photosynthesis ba, har ma da babbar sigina da ke shafar haɓakar shuka. Tsire-tsire suna jin alkibla, kuzari da ingancin haske na siginar ta hanyar tsarin siginar haske, suna daidaita girma da ci gabansu, kuma suna amsawa ga kasancewar ko rashinsa, tsawon rai, ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin haske. Masu karɓar hasken shuka da aka sani a yanzu sun haɗa da aƙalla nau'i uku: phytochromes (PHYA~PHYE) waɗanda ke jin haske ja da ja mai nisa (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 da CRY2) waɗanda ke jin shuɗi da ultraviolet A, da Abubuwa (Phot1 da Phot2), mai karɓar UV-B UVR8 wanda ke jin UV-B. Waɗannan masu karɓar hasken suna shiga kuma suna daidaita bayyanar kwayoyin halitta masu alaƙa sannan su tsara ayyukan rayuwa kamar germination na iri na shuka, photomorphogenesis, lokacin fure, haɗakarwa da tarin metabolites na biyu, da kuma haƙuri ga damuwa na biotic da abiotic.

2. Tasirin yanayin hasken LED akan ƙirƙirar shukar kayan lambu ta hanyar amfani da hasken photomorphological

2.1 Tasirin Ingancin Haske daban-daban akan Tsarin Halittar 'Ya'yan Kayan Lambu

Yankunan ja da shuɗi na bakan suna da ingantaccen aiki mai yawa don photosynthesis na ganyen shuka. Duk da haka, fallasa ganyen kokwamba na dogon lokaci ga haske mai tsabta zai lalata tsarin hoto, wanda ke haifar da abin da ya faru na "cutar haske ja" kamar raguwar amsawar ciki, raguwar ƙarfin photosynthesis da ingancin amfani da nitrogen, da kuma jinkirin girma. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin haske (100±5 μmol/(m2•s)), hasken ja mai tsabta na iya lalata chloroplasts na ganyen kokwamba ƙanana da manya, amma an dawo da chloroplasts ɗin da suka lalace bayan an canza su daga haske ja mai tsabta zuwa haske ja da shuɗi (R:B= 7:3). Akasin haka, lokacin da tsire-tsire na kokwamba suka canza daga yanayin haske ja-shuɗi zuwa yanayin haske ja mai tsabta, ingancin photosynthesis bai ragu sosai ba, wanda ke nuna daidaitawa ga yanayin haske ja. Ta hanyar nazarin na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki (electronic microscope) kan tsarin ganyen kokwamba da ke dauke da "cutar ja mai haske", masu gwajin sun gano cewa adadin chloroplasts, girman sitaci granules, da kauri na grana a cikin ganyen da ke karkashin hasken ja mai haske sun yi kasa sosai da wadanda ke karkashin hasken fari. Shiga cikin hasken shuɗi yana inganta yanayin tsarin ultrastructure da photosynthesis na kokwamba chloroplasts kuma yana kawar da tarin abubuwan gina jiki da yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da hasken fari da hasken ja da shuɗi, hasken ja mai haske ya inganta tsawaita hypocotyl da fadada cotyledon na shukar tumatir, ya kara tsayin shuka da yankin ganye sosai, amma ya ragu sosai da karfin photosynthesis, rage yawan abun ciki na Rubisco da ingancin photochemical, da kuma karuwar yawan zafi. Ana iya ganin cewa nau'ikan tsirrai daban-daban suna amsawa daban-daban ga ingancin haske iri daya, amma idan aka kwatanta da hasken monochromatic, tsirrai suna da ingantaccen photosynthesis da kuma girma mai karfi a cikin yanayin haske mai hade.

Masu bincike sun yi bincike mai yawa kan inganta haɗin hasken shukar kayan lambu. A ƙarƙashin irin wannan ƙarfin haske, tare da ƙaruwar rabon hasken ja, tsayin shuka da nauyin sabbin 'ya'yan tumatir da kokwamba ya inganta sosai, kuma maganin da aka yi da rabon ja zuwa shuɗi na 3: 1 ya sami mafi kyawun tasiri; akasin haka, babban rabo na hasken shuɗi Ya hana girman 'ya'yan tumatir da kokwamba, waɗanda suka yi gajeru kuma sun yi ƙanƙanta, amma ya ƙara yawan busassun abu da chlorophyll a cikin harbe-harben 'ya'yan. Ana ganin irin waɗannan alamu a wasu amfanin gona, kamar barkono da kankana. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da haske fari, ja da shuɗi (R:B=3:1) ba wai kawai ya inganta kauri ganye ba, yawan chlorophyll, ingancin photosynthesis da ingancin canja wurin electron na 'ya'yan tumatir, har ma da matakan bayyanar enzymes da suka shafi zagayowar Calvin, haɓakar yawan masu cin ganyayyaki da tarin carbohydrates suma an inganta su sosai. Idan aka kwatanta rabon haske ja da shuɗi guda biyu (R:B=2:1, 4:1), babban rabon haske shuɗi ya fi taimakawa wajen haifar da samuwar furanni mata a cikin 'ya'yan kokwamba kuma ya hanzarta lokacin fure na furanni mata. Duk da cewa bambancin rabon haske ja da shuɗi bai yi wani tasiri mai mahimmanci kan sabon nauyin 'ya'yan kale, arugula, da mustard ba, babban rabon haske shuɗi (30% haske shuɗi) ya rage tsawon hypocotyl da yankin cotyledon na 'ya'yan kale da mustard, yayin da launin cotyledon ya yi zurfi. Saboda haka, a cikin samar da 'ya'yan itace, ƙaruwa mai kyau a cikin rabon haske shuɗi na iya rage tazara tsakanin ƙusoshi da yankin ganye na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kayan lambu, haɓaka faɗaɗa 'ya'yan itatuwa a gefe, da inganta ma'aunin ƙarfin 'ya'yan itace, wanda ke da amfani ga noman 'ya'yan itace masu ƙarfi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa ƙarfin haske bai canza ba, ƙaruwar haske kore a cikin haske ja da shuɗi ya inganta sabon nauyi, yankin ganye da tsayin shuka na 'ya'yan barkono mai daɗi sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da fitilar fari mai haske ta gargajiya, a ƙarƙashin yanayin hasken ja-kore-shuɗi (R3:G2:B5), an inganta Y[II], qP da ETR na 'Okagi No. 1' na 'ya'yan tumatir. Ƙarin hasken UV (100 μmol/(m2•s) haske shuɗi + 7% UV-A) zuwa hasken shuɗi mai tsabta ya rage saurin tsawaita tushen arugula da mustard sosai, yayin da ƙarin FR akasin haka ne. Wannan kuma ya nuna cewa ban da hasken ja da shuɗi, sauran halayen haske suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin girma da haɓaka shuka. Kodayake hasken ultraviolet ko FR ba shine tushen kuzarin photosynthesis ba, duka biyun suna da hannu a cikin ƙirƙirar hotunan shuka. Hasken UV mai ƙarfi yana da illa ga DNA da sunadarai na shuka, da sauransu. Duk da haka, hasken UV yana kunna martanin damuwa na ƙwayoyin halitta, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin girman shuka, siffar jikinsa da ci gaba don daidaitawa da canje-canjen muhalli. Nazarin ya nuna cewa ƙarancin R/FR yana haifar da martanin guje wa inuwa a cikin tsire-tsire, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin siffar shuka, kamar tsawaita tushe, rage yawan ganye, da rage yawan busassun abubuwa. Sirara ba wata hanya ce mai kyau ta girma ba don girmar tsirrai masu ƙarfi. Ga tsire-tsire masu ganye da 'ya'yan itace gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, masu laushi da laushi ba sa fuskantar matsala yayin jigilar su da dasa su.

UV-A na iya sa tsire-tsire masu shukar kokwamba su yi gajeru kuma su yi ƙanƙanta, kuma yawan amfanin da ake samu bayan dasawa ba shi da bambanci sosai da na sarrafawa; yayin da UV-B ke da tasirin hana girma sosai, kuma tasirin rage yawan amfanin gona bayan dasawa ba shi da mahimmanci. Nazarin da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa UV-A yana hana ci gaban shuka kuma yana sa tsire-tsire su yi ƙanƙanta. Amma akwai ƙarin shaida da ke nuna cewa kasancewar UV-A, maimakon hana biomass na amfanin gona, a zahiri yana haɓaka shi. Idan aka kwatanta da hasken ja da fari na asali (R:W=2:3, PPFD shine 250 μmol/(m2·s)), ƙarin ƙarfin haske a cikin hasken ja da fari shine 10 W/m2 (kimanin 10 μmol/(m2·s)) UV-A na kale ya ƙara yawan biomass, tsawon internode, diamita na tushe da faɗin rufin shuka na shuka, amma tasirin haɓakawa ya ragu lokacin da ƙarfin UV ya wuce 10 W/m2. Karin hasken UV-A na awanni 2 a rana (0.45 J/(m2•s)) na iya ƙara tsayin shuka, yankin cotyledon da kuma sabon nauyin 'ya'yan tumatir 'Oxheart', yayin da ake rage yawan H2O2 na 'ya'yan tumatir. Ana iya ganin cewa amfanin gona daban-daban suna amsawa daban-daban ga hasken UV, wanda hakan na iya danganta da yadda amfanin gona ke jin zafin hasken UV.

Don noman tsire-tsire da aka dasa, ya kamata a ƙara tsawon tushen da ya dace don sauƙaƙe dasa tushen. Bambancin ƙarfin FR yana da tasiri daban-daban akan girman tumatir, barkono, kokwamba, gourd da kankana. Ƙarin 18.9 μmol/(m2•s) na FR a cikin haske mai sanyi ya ƙara tsawon hypocotyl da diamita na tushen tsirrai na tumatir da barkono sosai; FR na 34.1 μmol/(m2•s) ya fi tasiri wajen haɓaka tsawon hypocotyl da diamita na tushen tsirrai na kokwamba, gourd da kankana; FR mai ƙarfi (53.4 μmol/(m2•s)) ya fi tasiri ga waɗannan kayan lambu guda biyar. Tsawon hypocotyl da diamita na tushen tsirrai ba su ƙara ƙaruwa sosai ba, kuma sun fara nuna koma baya. Sabon nauyin tsire-tsire na barkono ya ragu sosai, yana nuna cewa ƙimar cikar FR na tsire-tsire na kayan lambu guda biyar duk sun yi ƙasa da 53.4 μmol/(m2•s), kuma ƙimar FR ta yi ƙasa da ta FR sosai. Tasirin da ke kan girman nau'ikan shuka iri-iri na kayan lambu suma sun bambanta.

2.2 Tasirin Bambancin Hasken Rana Kan Tsarin Halittar 'Ya'yan Kayan Lambu

Hasken Rana Mai Integral (DLI) yana wakiltar jimillar adadin photons masu ɗaukar hoto da saman shuka ke karɓa a cikin rana, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin haske da lokacin haske. Tsarin lissafin shine DLI (mol/m2/rana) = ƙarfin haske [μmol/(m2•s)] × Lokacin hasken rana (h) × 3600 × 10-6. A cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin ƙarfin haske, tsire-tsire suna amsawa ga yanayin haske mara ƙarfi ta hanyar tsawaita tsayin tushe da internode, ƙara tsayin shuka, tsawon petiole da yankin ganye, da rage kauri ganye da ƙimar photosynthesis mai sauƙi. Tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin haske, ban da mustard, tsawon hypocotyl da tsawaita tsayin tushe na arugula, kabeji da kale a ƙarƙashin ingancin haske iri ɗaya ya ragu sosai. Ana iya ganin cewa tasirin haske akan girman shuka da yanayin halittarsa ​​yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin haske da nau'in shuka. Tare da ƙaruwar DLI (8.64~28.8 mol/m2/rana), nau'in shukar kokwamba ya zama gajere, mai ƙarfi da ƙanƙanta, kuma takamaiman nauyin ganye da abun cikin chlorophyll ya ragu a hankali. Kwanaki 6 ~ 16 bayan shukar shuke-shuken kokwamba, ganye da saiwoyin suka bushe. Nauyin ya ƙaru a hankali, kuma ƙimar girma ta ƙaru a hankali, amma kwanaki 16 zuwa 21 bayan shuka, ƙimar girma ta ganye da tushen shuke-shuken kokwamba ta ragu sosai. Ingantaccen DLI ya haɓaka ƙimar photosynthesis ta tsaban kokwamba, amma bayan wani ƙima, ƙimar photosynthesis ta tsaban ya fara raguwa. Saboda haka, zaɓar DLI mai dacewa da ɗaukar dabarun haske daban-daban a matakai daban-daban na girma na shuke-shuke na iya rage amfani da wutar lantarki. Yawan sukari mai narkewa da enzyme na SOD a cikin shuke-shuken kokwamba da tumatir ya ƙaru tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin DLI. Lokacin da ƙarfin DLI ya ƙaru daga 7.47 mol/m2/rana zuwa 11.26 mol/m2/rana, yawan sukari mai narkewa da enzyme na SOD a cikin shuke-shuken kokwamba ya ƙaru da kashi 81.03%, da kuma 55.5% bi da bi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin DLI iri ɗaya, tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin haske da kuma rage lokacin haske, an hana ayyukan PSII na shuke-shuken tumatir da kokwamba, kuma zaɓar ƙarin dabarar haske mai ƙarancin haske da tsawon lokaci ya fi dacewa wajen haɓaka babban ma'aunin shuka da ingancin hoto na shuke-shuken kokwamba da tumatir.

A fannin samar da 'ya'yan da aka dasa, yanayin rashin haske na iya haifar da raguwar ingancin 'ya'yan da aka dasa da kuma ƙaruwar lokacin warkarwa. Ƙarfin haske mai dacewa ba wai kawai zai iya haɓaka ikon ɗaure wurin warkarwa da aka dasa ba da kuma inganta ma'aunin 'ya'yan da suka yi ƙarfi, har ma da rage matsayin ƙusoshin furannin mata da kuma ƙara yawan furannin mata. A masana'antun shuka, DLI na 2.5-7.5 mol/m2/rana ya isa ya biya buƙatun warkarwa na 'ya'yan da aka dasa tumatir. Ƙarfin da kauri na ganyen tumatir da aka dasa ya ƙaru sosai tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin DLI. Wannan yana nuna cewa 'ya'yan da aka dasa ba sa buƙatar ƙarfin haske mai yawa don warkarwa. Saboda haka, idan aka yi la'akari da amfani da wutar lantarki da yanayin shuka, zaɓar ƙarfin haske mai dacewa zai taimaka wajen inganta fa'idodin tattalin arziki.

3. Tasirin yanayin hasken LED akan juriyar damuwa na tsirrai na kayan lambu

Shuke-shuke suna karɓar siginar haske ta waje ta hanyar masu karɓar haske, wanda ke haifar da haɗakar ƙwayoyin sigina da taruwar su a cikin shukar, ta haka ne ke canza girma da aikin gabobin shuka, da kuma inganta juriyar shuka ga damuwa. Ingancin haske daban-daban yana da wani tasiri na haɓakawa kan inganta haƙurin sanyi da haƙurin gishiri na tsirrai. Misali, lokacin da aka ƙara wa shukar tumatir haske na tsawon awanni 4 da dare, idan aka kwatanta da magani ba tare da ƙarin haske ba, haske fari, haske ja, haske shuɗi, da haske ja da shuɗi na iya rage ƙarfin lantarki da abun ciki na MDA na shukar tumatir, da kuma inganta haƙurin sanyi. Ayyukan SOD, POD da CAT a cikin shukar tumatir a ƙarƙashin maganin rabon ja-shuɗi 8:2 sun fi na sauran jiyya girma, kuma suna da ƙarfin antioxidant mafi girma da haƙurin sanyi.

Tasirin UV-B akan ci gaban tushen waken soya shine inganta juriyar damuwa ga tsirrai ta hanyar ƙara yawan sinadarin NO da ROS, gami da ƙwayoyin siginar hormone kamar ABA, SA, da JA, da kuma hana ci gaban tushen ta hanyar rage yawan sinadarin IAA, CTK, da GA. Mai karɓar haske na UV-B, UVR8, ba wai kawai yana da hannu wajen daidaita yanayin photomorphogenesis ba, har ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin damuwa ta UV-B. A cikin shukar tumatir, UVR8 yana shiga tsakani wajen haɗa anthocyanins da tarawa, kuma shukar tumatir na daji da UV ta saba da su suna inganta ikonsu na jure wa damuwa ta UV-B mai ƙarfi. Duk da haka, daidaitawar UV-B zuwa damuwar fari da Arabidopsis ke haifarwa ba ya dogara ne akan hanyar UVR8 ba, wanda ke nuna cewa UV-B yana aiki azaman hanyar amsawar sigina ta hanyar hanyoyin kariya daga tsirrai, don haka nau'ikan hormones iri-iri suna shiga cikin juriya ga damuwar fari, suna ƙara ƙarfin gano ROS.

Tsawaita hypocotyl na shuka ko tushe da FR ke haifarwa da kuma daidaita tsirrai zuwa ga damuwa ta sanyi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar hormones na shuka. Saboda haka, "tasirin guje wa inuwa" da FR ke haifarwa yana da alaƙa da daidaita sanyi na tsirrai. Masu gwajin sun ƙara wa shukar sha'ir kwanaki 18 bayan tsirowa a 15°C na tsawon kwanaki 10, suna sanyaya zuwa 5°C + suna ƙara FR na tsawon kwanaki 7, kuma sun gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da maganin farin haske, FR ya ƙara juriyar sanyi na shukar sha'ir. Wannan tsari yana tare da Ƙara yawan ABA da IAA a cikin shukar sha'ir. Canja wurin shukar sha'ir da aka riga aka yi wa magani da FR zuwa 5°C daga baya da kuma ci gaba da ƙara FR na tsawon kwanaki 7 ya haifar da sakamako iri ɗaya da magunguna biyu da ke sama, amma tare da raguwar amsawar ABA. Shuke-shuke masu ƙimar R:FR daban-daban suna sarrafa biosynthesis na phytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, da ABA), waɗanda suma suna da hannu a cikin jurewar gishirin shuka. A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na gishiri, yanayin haske mai ƙarancin rabo na R:FR zai iya inganta ƙarfin hana tsufa da kuma ɗaukar hoto na shukar tumatir, rage samar da ROS da MDA a cikin shukar, da kuma inganta juriyar gishiri. Duk da matsin lamba na gishiri da ƙarancin ƙimar R:FR (R:FR=0.8) sun hana biosynthesis na chlorophyll, wanda zai iya danganta da toshewar juyawar PBG zuwa UroIII a cikin hanyar haɗa chlorophyll, yayin da ƙarancin yanayin R:FR zai iya rage gishirin yadda ya kamata Rashin lafiyar haɗa chlorophyll da damuwa ke haifarwa. Waɗannan sakamakon suna nuna alaƙa mai mahimmanci tsakanin phytochromes da haƙurin gishiri.

Baya ga yanayin haske, wasu abubuwan muhalli suma suna shafar girma da ingancin tsirrai na kayan lambu. Misali, karuwar yawan CO2 zai kara yawan hasken Pn (Pnmax), rage yawan hasken, da kuma inganta ingancin amfani da haske. Karin karfin haske da yawan CO2 yana taimakawa wajen inganta yawan launukan photosynthetic, ingancin amfani da ruwa da ayyukan enzymes da suka shafi zagayowar Calvin, kuma a karshe ya cimma ingantaccen photosynthesis da tarin biomass na tumatir. Nauyin busasshen iri da kuma kankantarsa ​​sun yi daidai da DLI, kuma canjin zafin jiki ya shafi ci gaban a karkashin maganin DLI iri daya. Yanayin damina na 23~25℃ ya fi dacewa da ci gaban iri na tumatir. Dangane da yanayin zafi da haske, masu binciken sun samar da wata hanya don hasashen yawan ci gaban barkono bisa ga tsarin rarraba iri, wanda zai iya samar da jagorar kimiyya don daidaita muhalli na samar da iri da aka dasa barkono.

Saboda haka, lokacin tsara tsarin daidaita haske a lokacin samarwa, ba wai kawai abubuwan da suka shafi muhallin haske da nau'ikan shuke-shuke ya kamata a yi la'akari da su ba, har ma da abubuwan da suka shafi noma da kula da su kamar abinci mai gina jiki ga shuka da kula da ruwa, yanayin iskar gas, zafin jiki, da matakin girma ga shuka.

4. Matsaloli da Ra'ayoyi

Da farko, daidaita hasken shukar kayan lambu tsari ne mai sarkakiya, kuma tasirin yanayi daban-daban na haske akan nau'ikan shukar kayan lambu daban-daban a cikin yanayin masana'antar shuka yana buƙatar a yi cikakken nazari. Wannan yana nufin cewa don cimma burin samar da shuka mai inganci da inganci, ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike don kafa tsarin fasaha mai girma.

Na biyu, duk da cewa yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na tushen hasken LED yana da yawa, amfani da wutar lantarki don hasken shuke-shuke shine babban amfani da makamashi don noman shuka ta amfani da hasken wucin gadi. Babban amfani da makamashi na masana'antun shuke-shuke har yanzu shine babban cikas da ke takaita ci gaban masana'antun shuke-shuke.

A ƙarshe, tare da amfani da hasken shuke-shuke da yawa a fannin noma, ana sa ran farashin fitilun LED zai ragu sosai a nan gaba; akasin haka, karuwar farashin aiki, musamman a zamanin bayan annoba, rashin aikin yi zai haɓaka tsarin injina da sarrafa kansa na samarwa. A nan gaba, samfuran sarrafawa na wucin gadi da kayan aikin samar da kayayyaki masu wayo za su zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasahohin samar da shukar kayan lambu, kuma za su ci gaba da haɓaka haɓaka fasahar shukar shukar masana'antar shuka.

Marubuta: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Tushen labarin: Labarin Wechat na Fasahar Injiniyan Noma (noman lambun kore)