Abstract: Tsiren kayan lambu shine mataki na farko na samar da kayan lambu, kuma ingancin shuka yana da matukar muhimmanci ga yawan amfanin gona da ingancin kayan lambu bayan dasa.Tare da ci gaba da gyare-gyare na rabon aiki a cikin masana'antar kayan lambu, tsire-tsire na kayan lambu sun kafa sarkar masana'antu mai zaman kanta a hankali kuma suna ba da kayan aikin kayan lambu.Sakamakon mummunan yanayi, hanyoyin da ake bi na gargajiya ba makawa suna fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa kamar jinkirin girma na tsiron, tsiron ƙafafu, da kwari da cututtuka.Don magance tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, yawancin masu noman kasuwanci suna amfani da masu kula da girma.Koyaya, akwai haɗarin rashin ƙarfi na seedling, amincin abinci da gurɓataccen muhalli tare da amfani da masu kula da haɓaka.Baya ga hanyoyin sarrafa sinadarai, kodayake haɓakar injina, zafin jiki da sarrafa ruwa kuma na iya taka rawa wajen hana ci gaban tsiro, ba su da sauƙi kuma suna da tasiri.Karkashin tasirin sabuwar cutar ta Covid-19 ta duniya, matsalolin matsalolin sarrafa kayayyaki da suka haifar da karancin ma'aikata da hauhawar farashin ma'aikata a masana'antar shuka sun yi fice.

Tare da haɓaka fasahar hasken wuta, yin amfani da hasken wucin gadi don kiwon kayan lambu na kayan lambu yana da fa'idodi na ingantaccen ingantaccen seedling, ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka, da daidaitawa mai sauƙi.Idan aka kwatanta da tushen hasken gargajiya, sabon ƙarni na tushen hasken LED yana da halaye na ceton makamashi, babban inganci, tsawon rayuwa, kariyar muhalli da dorewa, ƙananan girman, ƙananan radiyo na thermal, da ƙaramin girman girman raƙuman ruwa.Yana iya tsara bakan da ya dace bisa ga girma da buƙatun ci gaban seedlings a cikin yanayin masana'antar shuka, da sarrafa daidaitaccen tsarin ilimin halittar jiki da na rayuwa na seedlings, a lokaci guda, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin gurɓata, daidaitacce da saurin samar da kayan lambu. , da kuma shortens da seedling sake zagayowar.A Kudancin kasar Sin, ana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 60 don noma barkono da tumatir (3-4 ganyayen gaskiya) a cikin filayen filastik, kuma kimanin kwanaki 35 don tsire-tsire na kokwamba (3-5 ganyayen gaskiya).A karkashin yanayin masana'antar shuka, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 17 kawai don noma tsiron tumatir da kwanaki 25 don tsire-tsire na barkono a ƙarƙashin yanayin photoperiod na 20 h da PPF na 200-300 μmol / (m2•s).Idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada seedling namo hanyar a cikin greenhouse, yin amfani da LED shuka seedling namo hanya muhimmanci rage kokwamba girma sake zagayowar da kwanaki 15-30, da kuma yawan mace furanni da 'ya'yan itace da shuka ya karu da 33.8% da 37.3% , bi da bi, kuma mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa ya karu da 71.44%.

Dangane da ingancin amfani da makamashi, ingancin amfani da makamashi na masana'antar shuka ya fi na lambun lambun Venlo iri ɗaya a latitude ɗaya.Misali, a cikin masana'antar shuka ta Sweden, ana buƙatar 1411 MJ don samar da 1 kilogiram na busassun al'amuran latas, yayin da ake buƙatar 1699 MJ a cikin greenhouse.Duk da haka, idan aka ƙididdige wutar lantarki da ake buƙata a kowace kilogiram na busasshen latas, masana'antar shuka tana buƙatar 247 kW·h don samar da busasshen nauyi na latas ɗin kilo 1, kuma wuraren shakatawa a Sweden, Netherlands, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa suna buƙatar 182 kW · h, 70 kW·h, da 111 kW·h, bi da bi.

A lokaci guda kuma, a cikin masana'antar shuka, yin amfani da kwamfutoci, kayan aiki na atomatik, hankali na wucin gadi da sauran fasahohin na iya sarrafa yanayin muhalli daidai da noman seedling, kawar da iyakokin yanayin yanayin yanayi, da kuma fahimtar masu hankali, mechanized da shekara-shekara barga samar da seedling samar.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin kasuwancin samar da kayan lambu, kayan marmari da sauran albarkatun tattalin arziki a Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Turai da Amurka da sauran ƙasashe.Babban jarin farko na masana'antar shuka, hauhawar farashin aiki, da yawan amfani da makamashi na tsarin har yanzu sune ginshiƙan da ke iyakance haɓaka fasahar noman iri a masana'antar shuka ta Sin.Don haka, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da buƙatun yawan amfanin ƙasa da tanadin makamashi dangane da dabarun sarrafa haske, kafa samfuran haɓaka kayan lambu, da kayan aikin sarrafa kansa don haɓaka fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi.

A cikin wannan labarin, an sake nazarin tasirin yanayin haske na LED akan girma da haɓakar kayan lambu a cikin masana'antar shuka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da hangen nesa na jagorar bincike na tsarin haske na tsire-tsire a cikin masana'antar shuka.

1. Tasirin Muhalli na Haske akan Ci gaba da Ci gaban Seedlings

A matsayin daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan muhalli don ci gaban shuka da haɓakawa, haske ba kawai tushen kuzari ba ne ga tsire-tsire don aiwatar da photosynthesis, har ma da sigina mai mahimmanci da ke shafar photomorphogenesis na shuka.Tsire-tsire suna jin jagorancin, makamashi da ingancin hasken siginar ta hanyar tsarin siginar haske, suna daidaita girman kansu da ci gaba, kuma suna amsawa ga kasancewar ko rashi, tsayin tsayi, ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin haske.A halin yanzu sanannun masu ɗaukar hoto na shuka sun haɗa da aƙalla azuzuwan uku: phytochromes (PHYA ~ PHYE) waɗanda ke jin ja da haske mai nisa (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 da CRY2) waɗanda ke jin shuɗi da ultraviolet A, da Elements (Phot1 da Phot2), UV-B mai karɓar UVR8 wanda ke jin UV-B.Wadannan masu daukar hoto suna shiga kuma suna tsara bayanin kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa sannan kuma suna daidaita ayyukan rayuwa kamar shuka iri iri, photomorphogenesis, lokacin fure, haɗuwa da tarawar metabolites na biyu, da juriya ga matsalolin biotic da abiotic.

2. Tasirin yanayin haske na LED akan kafawar photomorphological na tsire-tsire na kayan lambu

2.1 Tasirin Ingantaccen Hasken Daban-daban akan Photomorphogenesis na Seedling Tebur

Yankunan ja da shuɗi na bakan suna da ingantaccen ƙima don photosynthesis ganye.Duk da haka, dogon lokacin da fallasa ganyen kokwamba zuwa haske mai tsabta zai lalata tsarin hoto, wanda ke haifar da sabon abu na "ciwon haske na ja" kamar amsawar stomatal, rage ƙarfin photosynthesis da ingantaccen amfani da nitrogen, da raguwar girma.A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin ƙarfin haske (100 ± 5 μmol / (m2 • s)), haske mai tsabta na jan wuta zai iya lalata chloroplasts na matasa da balagagge ganye na kokwamba, amma chloroplasts da suka lalace an dawo dasu bayan an canza shi daga haske mai launin ja. zuwa haske ja da shuɗi (R:B= 7:3).Akasin haka, lokacin da tsire-tsiren kokwamba suka canza daga yanayin haske mai launin ja-blue zuwa yanayin haske mai tsabta, ingancin photosythetic bai ragu sosai ba, yana nuna daidaitawa ga yanayin hasken ja.Ta hanyar nazarin microscope na lantarki na tsarin ganyen kokwamba tare da "ciwon haske na ja", masu gwajin sun gano cewa adadin chloroplasts, girman sitaci granules, da kauri na grana a cikin ganyayyaki a ƙarƙashin haske ja mai tsabta sun yi ƙasa sosai fiye da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsa. farar haske magani.Shisshigi na hasken shuɗi yana inganta ultrastructure da halayen hotuna na kokwamba chloroplasts kuma yana kawar da tarin abubuwan gina jiki da yawa.Idan aka kwatanta da farin haske da kuma ja da blue haske, m ja haske inganta hypocotyl elongation da cotyledon fadada tumatir seedlings, da muhimmanci ƙara shuka tsawo da kuma ganye yankin, amma muhimmanci rage photosynthetic iya aiki, rage Rubisco abun ciki da photochemical yadda ya dace, da kuma muhimmanci ƙara zafi dissipation.Ana iya ganin cewa nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban suna amsa daban-daban ga ingancin haske iri ɗaya, amma idan aka kwatanta da hasken monochromatic, tsire-tsire suna da haɓakar haɓakar photosynthesis da haɓaka haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin yanayin haɗaɗɗen haske.

Masu bincike sun yi bincike mai yawa game da inganta ingantaccen haɗin haske na kayan lambu.A karkashin irin wannan ƙarfin haske, tare da haɓakar rabon hasken ja, tsayin shuka da nauyin nauyin tumatir da kokwamba sun inganta sosai, kuma jiyya tare da rabo na ja zuwa blue na 3: 1 yana da sakamako mafi kyau;akasin haka, babban rabo na haske mai launin shuɗi Ya hana ci gaban tumatir da kokwamba seedlings, waɗanda suka kasance gajere kuma m, amma ƙara abun ciki na busassun kwayoyin halitta da chlorophyll a cikin harbe na seedlings.Ana lura da irin wannan tsari a sauran amfanin gona, kamar barkono da kankana.Bugu da kari, idan aka kwatanta da farin haske, ja da blue haske (R: B = 3: 1) ba kawai muhimmanci inganta leaf kauri, chlorophyll abun ciki, photosynthetic inganci da electron canja wurin yadda ya dace da tumatir seedlings, amma kuma bayyana matakan enzymes alaka. zuwa sake zagayowar Calvin, abun ciki na ci gaban ganyayyaki da tarin carbohydrate shima an inganta sosai.Kwatanta ma'auni biyu na haske mai ja da shuɗi (R: B = 2: 1, 4: 1), rabo mafi girma na hasken shuɗi ya fi dacewa don haifar da samuwar furanni mata a cikin tsire-tsire na kokwamba kuma yana hanzarta lokacin furen furannin mata. .Ko da yake bambancin launin ja da haske mai launin shuɗi ba su da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yawan amfanin gonar kale, arugula, da mustard, babban rabo na haske mai launin shuɗi (30% blue haske) ya rage girman hypocotyl da yankin cotyledon na Kale. da mustard seedlings, yayin da cotyledon launi zurfafa.Sabili da haka, a cikin samar da tsire-tsire, haɓakar da ya dace a cikin ƙimar shuɗi mai haske na iya rage girman kumburin kumburi da yankin ganye na seedlingsan kayan lambu, haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar seedlings, da haɓaka ƙimar ƙarfin seedling, wanda ke haɓakawa noma robust seedlings.A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa ƙarfin hasken ya kasance bai canza ba, haɓakar hasken kore a cikin haske mai ja da shuɗi ya inganta ingantaccen nauyi, yankin ganye da tsayin shuka na barkono mai zaki.Idan aka kwatanta da fitilar fari mai kyalli na gargajiya, a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske ja-kore-blue (R3:G2:B5), Y[II], qP da ETR na 'Okagi No. 1 tumatir' tsire-tsire sun inganta sosai.Ƙarin hasken UV (100 μmol / (m2 • s) haske mai launin shuɗi + 7% UV-A) zuwa haske mai launin shuɗi mai tsabta yana rage saurin haɓakar arugula da mustard, yayin da kari na FR ya kasance akasin haka.Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa baya ga haske ja da shuɗi, sauran halayen haske kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin girma da haɓaka shuka.Kodayake ba hasken ultraviolet ko FR shine tushen makamashi na photosynthesis, dukansu biyu suna da hannu a cikin photomorphogenesis na shuka.Hasken UV mai ƙarfi yana da cutarwa ga shuka DNA da sunadarai, da dai sauransu Duk da haka, hasken UV yana kunna amsawar damuwa ta salula, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin ci gaban shuka, ilimin halittar jiki da haɓaka don daidaitawa ga canje-canjen muhalli.Nazarin ya nuna cewa ƙananan R / FR yana haifar da amsawar guje wa inuwa a cikin tsire-tsire, yana haifar da canje-canje na dabi'a a cikin tsire-tsire, irin su kara tsayin daka, raguwar ganye, da rage yawan busassun al'amuran.Siriri maras kyau ba dabi'ar girma ce mai kyau ba don girma tsiro mai ƙarfi.Don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu ganye da 'ya'yan itace, tsayin daka, ƙanƙara da ƙwanƙwasa ba sa fuskantar matsaloli yayin sufuri da dasa shuki.

UV-A na iya yin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kokwamba ya fi guntu kuma mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa bayan dasawa bai bambanta da na sarrafawa ba;yayin da UV-B yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na hanawa, kuma sakamakon rage yawan amfanin ƙasa bayan dasawa ba shi da mahimmanci.Nazarin da suka gabata sun nuna cewa UV-A yana hana ci gaban shuka kuma yana sa tsire-tsire su zama dwarfed.Amma akwai girma shaida cewa kasancewar UV-A, maimakon murkushe amfanin gona biomass, a zahiri inganta shi.Idan aka kwatanta da ainihin haske mai launin ja da fari (R: W = 2: 3, PPFD shine 250 μmol / (m2·s)), ƙarin ƙarfin a cikin haske mai ja da fari shine 10 W/m2 (kimanin 10 μmol / (m2 · s)) UV-A na Kale ya ƙaru da mahimmancin ƙwayoyin halitta, tsayin internode, diamita mai tushe da faɗin alfarwar shuka na kale seedlings, amma tasirin haɓaka ya raunana lokacin da ƙarfin UV ya wuce 10 W/m2.Kullum 2 h UV-A supplementation (0.45 J/(m2•s)) na iya ƙara girman tsayin shuka, yankin cotyledon da sabon nauyin 'ya'yan tumatir 'Oxheart', yayin da rage abun ciki na H2O2 na tsiron tumatir.Ana iya ganin cewa amfanin gona daban-daban sun amsa daban-daban ga hasken UV, wanda zai iya kasancewa da alaka da hankalin amfanin gona zuwa hasken UV.

Don noman tsiron da aka dasa, ya kamata a ƙara tsayin tushe yadda ya kamata don sauƙaƙe grafting rootstock.Ƙarfafa daban-daban na FR yana da tasiri daban-daban akan girmar tumatir, barkono, kokwamba, gourd da kankana.Ƙarin 18.9 μmol / (m2 • s) na FR a cikin farin haske mai sanyi yana haɓaka tsayin hypocotyl da diamita na tumatir da barkono barkono;FR na 34.1 μmol/(m2•s) yana da mafi kyawun tasiri akan inganta tsayin hypocotyl da diamita na kokwamba, gourd da kankana;babban ƙarfin FR (53.4 μmol / (m2•s)) yana da tasiri mafi kyau akan waɗannan kayan lambu guda biyar.Tsawon hypocotyl da diamita mai tushe na seedlings ya daina ƙaruwa sosai, kuma ya fara nuna yanayin ƙasa.Sabbin nauyin barkonon tsohuwa ya ragu sosai, yana nuna cewa ƙimar FR jikewa na tsiron kayan lambu guda biyar duk sun yi ƙasa da 53.4 μmol/(m2•s), kuma ƙimar FR ta yi ƙasa da na FR.Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar tsire-tsire na kayan lambu daban-daban kuma sun bambanta.

2.2 Tasirin Haɗin Hasken Rana daban-daban akan Photomorphogenesis na Seedlings

Haɗin Hasken Rana (DLI) yana wakiltar jimlar adadin photon ɗin photon da aka samu ta fuskar shuka a cikin yini, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin haske da lokacin haske.Ƙididdigar lissafi shine DLI (mol / m2 / day) = ƙarfin haske [μmol / (m2 • s)] × Hasken rana (h) × 3600 × 10-6.A cikin mahalli mai ƙarancin haske, tsire-tsire suna amsa yanayin ƙarancin haske ta hanyar ƙara tsayin tushe da tsayin internode, haɓaka tsayin shuka, tsayin petiole da yanki na ganye, da rage kaurin ganye da ƙimar hotunan hoto.Tare da haɓakar ƙarfin haske, ban da mustard, tsayin hypocotyl da kara tsayi na arugula, kabeji da Kale seedlings a ƙarƙashin ingancin haske iri ɗaya sun ragu sosai.Ana iya ganin cewa tasirin haske akan ci gaban shuka da morphogenesis yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin haske da nau'in shuka.Tare da karuwar DLI (8.64 ~ 28.8 mol / m2 / day), nau'in tsire-tsire na kokwamba ya zama gajere, mai karfi da kuma m, kuma takamaiman nauyin ganye da abun ciki na chlorophyll a hankali ya ragu.Kwanaki 6 ~ 16 bayan shuka kokwamba, ganye da tushen sun bushe.Nauyin ya karu a hankali, kuma yawan ci gaban ya karu a hankali, amma kwanaki 16 zuwa 21 bayan shuka, yawan ci gaban ganye da tushen tushen kokwamba ya ragu sosai.Ingantacciyar DLI ta haɓaka ƙimar net ɗin photosynthetic na kokwamba, amma bayan ƙayyadaddun ƙima, ƙimar hotunan hotuna ta fara raguwa.Don haka, zaɓin DLI da ya dace da ɗaukar dabaru daban-daban na ƙarin haske a matakan girma daban-daban na shuka zai iya rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki.Abubuwan da ke cikin sukari mai narkewa da SOD enzyme a cikin kokwamba da tsire-tsire tumatir ya karu tare da haɓakar ƙarfin DLI.Lokacin da ƙarfin DLI ya karu daga 7.47 mol / m2 / rana zuwa 11.26 mol / m2 / rana, abun ciki na sukari mai narkewa da SOD enzyme a cikin kokwamba ya karu da 81.03%, da 55.5% bi da bi.A ƙarƙashin yanayin DLI guda ɗaya, tare da haɓakar hasken haske da raguwar lokacin haske, aikin PSII na tumatir da kokwamba an hana shi, kuma zaɓin ƙarin dabarun haske na ƙarancin haske da tsawon lokaci ya fi dacewa don noma babban seedling. index da photochemical yadda ya dace na kokwamba da tumatir seedlings.

A cikin samar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ƙananan yanayin haske na iya haifar da raguwa a cikin ingancin tsire-tsire da kuma karuwa a lokacin warkarwa.Dace haske tsanani ba zai iya kawai bunkasa dauri ikon da grafted waraka site da kuma inganta index of karfi seedlings, amma kuma rage kumburi matsayi na mace furanni da kuma ƙara yawan mace furanni.A cikin masana'antar shuka, DLI na 2.5-7.5 mol/m2/rana ya isa don saduwa da buƙatun warkaswa na tsire-tsire da aka dasa tumatir.Ƙarfafawa da kauri na ganyen dashen tumatir ya ƙaru sosai tare da ƙara ƙarfin DLI.Wannan yana nuna cewa tsire-tsire da aka dasa ba sa buƙatar tsananin haske don warkarwa.Sabili da haka, la'akari da yanayin amfani da wutar lantarki da shuka, zabar hasken haske mai dacewa zai taimaka wajen inganta fa'idodin tattalin arziki.

3. Sakamakon yanayin haske na LED akan juriya na danniya na kayan lambu

Tsire-tsire suna karɓar siginar hasken waje ta hanyar masu ɗaukar hoto, wanda ke haifar da haɗawa da tarin ƙwayoyin sigina a cikin shuka, ta yadda za su canza girma da aikin gabobin shuka, kuma a ƙarshe suna haɓaka juriyar shuka ga damuwa.Ingancin haske daban-daban yana da takamaiman tasirin haɓakawa akan haɓaka juriyar sanyi da haƙurin gishiri na seedlings.Misali, lokacin da aka kara wa tsiron tumatir karin haske na tsawon sa'o'i 4 da daddare, idan aka kwatanta da jiyya ba tare da karin haske ba, farin haske, haske mai ja, haske mai launin shudi, da haske mai ja da shudi na iya rage karfin electrolyte da abun ciki na MDA na tsiron tumatir. da inganta yanayin sanyi.Ayyukan SOD, POD da CAT a cikin tsire-tsire na tumatir a ƙarƙashin jiyya na 8: 2 ja-blue rabo sun kasance mafi girma fiye da na sauran jiyya, kuma suna da ƙarfin maganin antioxidant da haƙuri mai sanyi.

Tasirin UV-B akan ci gaban tushen waken soya shine galibi don haɓaka juriya na juriya na shuka ta hanyar haɓaka abun ciki na tushen NO da ROS, gami da kwayoyin siginar hormone kamar ABA, SA, da JA, da hana ci gaban tushen ta hanyar rage abun ciki na IAA. , CTK, GA.Mai daukar hoto na UV-B, UVR8, ba wai kawai yana da hannu wajen daidaita photomorphogenesis ba, har ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin damuwa na UV-B.A cikin tsire-tsire na tumatir, UVR8 yana ƙaddamar da kira da tarawa na anthocyanins, kuma UV-acclimated tumatir tumatir suna inganta ƙarfin su don jimre wa matsanancin damuwa na UV-B.Duk da haka, daidaitawar UV-B zuwa damuwa na fari da Arabidopsis ke haifar da shi bai dogara da hanyar UVR8 ba, wanda ke nuna cewa UV-B yana aiki ne a matsayin siginar da ke haifar da amsawar hanyoyin kare tsire-tsire, ta yadda nau'in hormones suna hade tare. da hannu wajen tsayayya da danniya na fari, yana kara karfin ikon ROS.

Dukansu elongation na shuka hypocotyl ko kara lalacewa ta hanyar FR da kuma daidaitawar tsire-tsire zuwa damuwa mai sanyi ana tsara su ta hanyar hormones na shuka.Saboda haka, "sakamakon guje wa inuwa" wanda FR ya haifar yana da alaƙa da daidaitawar sanyi na tsire-tsire.Masu gwajin sun kara da shukar sha'ir kwanaki 18 bayan germination a 15 ° C na kwanaki 10, sanyaya zuwa 5 ° C + supplementing FR na kwanaki 7, kuma sun gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da farar haske magani, FR inganta sanyi juriya na sha'ir shuka.Wannan tsari yana tare da Ƙarfafa abun ciki na ABA da IAA a cikin tsire-tsire na sha'ir.Canja wurin na gaba na 15 ° C FR-pretreated shuka sha'ir zuwa 5 ° C da ci gaba da ƙarin FR na kwanaki 7 ya haifar da sakamako iri ɗaya zuwa jiyya guda biyu na sama, amma tare da rage amsawar ABA.Tsire-tsire masu kimar R: FR daban-daban suna sarrafa biosynthesis na phytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, da ABA), waɗanda kuma ke da hannu cikin jurewar gishirin shuka.Ƙarƙashin damuwa na gishiri, ƙananan yanayin R: FR na haske zai iya inganta ƙarfin maganin antioxidant da photosynthesis na tsire-tsire na tumatir, rage samar da ROS da MDA a cikin tsire-tsire, da kuma inganta haɓakar gishiri.Dukansu danniya na salinity da ƙananan R: FR darajar (R: FR = 0.8) sun hana biosynthesis na chlorophyll, wanda zai iya zama dangantaka da katange tuba na PBG zuwa UroIII a cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwar chlorophyll, yayin da ƙananan R: FR yanayi zai iya ragewa sosai. Salinity Damuwar da ke haifar da lahani na haɗin chlorophyll.Waɗannan sakamakon suna nuna muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin phytochromes da haƙurin gishiri.

Baya ga yanayin haske, sauran abubuwan muhalli kuma suna shafar girma da ingancin tsiron kayan lambu.Misali, haɓakar ƙaddamarwar CO2 zai ƙara ƙimar jikewar haske mafi girman ƙimar Pn (Pnmax), rage ma'aunin ramuwa mai haske, da haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da haske.Haɓaka ƙarfin haske da ƙaddamarwar CO2 yana taimakawa wajen inganta abubuwan da ke cikin hotuna na hotuna, da ingancin amfani da ruwa da kuma ayyukan enzymes da suka danganci zagayowar Calvin, kuma a ƙarshe sun sami mafi girma na photosynthesis da kuma tarin kwayoyin halitta na tumatir tumatir.Busassun nauyi da ƙarancin tumatur da barkono barkono suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da DLI, kuma canjin zafin jiki kuma ya shafi ci gaban a ƙarƙashin wannan magani na DLI.Yanayin 23 ~ 25 ℃ ya fi dacewa da girma na tumatir tumatir.Dangane da yanayin zafi da haske, masu binciken sun ɓullo da wata hanya don yin hasashen girman girman barkono bisa tsarin rarraba bate, wanda zai iya ba da jagorar kimiyya don ƙa'idodin muhalli na samar da barkono da aka dasa.

Sabili da haka, lokacin da ake tsara tsarin tsarin haske a cikin samarwa, ba wai kawai abubuwan yanayi na haske da nau'in tsire-tsire ya kamata a yi la'akari da su ba, har ma da namowa da abubuwan kulawa irin su abinci mai gina jiki na seedling da sarrafa ruwa, yanayin gas, zafin jiki, da matakan girma na seedling.

4. Matsaloli da Matsaloli

Na farko, ka'idojin haske na tsire-tsire na kayan lambu wani tsari ne mai mahimmanci, kuma tasirin yanayin haske daban-daban akan nau'ikan tsire-tsire na kayan lambu daban-daban a cikin yanayin masana'antar shuka yana buƙatar yin nazari dalla-dalla.Wannan yana nufin cewa don cimma burin samar da inganci da inganci mai kyau, ana buƙatar ci gaba da bincike don kafa tsarin fasaha mai girma.

Na biyu, ko da yake yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na tushen hasken LED yana da girma, yawan wutar lantarki don hasken shuka shine babban amfani da makamashi don noman tsire-tsire ta amfani da hasken wucin gadi.Yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar shuka har yanzu shine kangin da ke hana ci gaban masana'antar shuka.

A ƙarshe, tare da faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen hasken shuka a cikin aikin gona, ana sa ran farashin fitilun shuka LED zai ragu sosai nan gaba;akasin haka, hauhawar farashin ma’aikata, musamman ma a zamanin da ake fama da annobar cutar, rashin aikin ya daure don inganta tsarin injiniyoyi da sarrafa kayan aiki.A nan gaba, samfuran sarrafa bayanan sirri na wucin gadi da na'urorin samar da fasaha za su zama ɗayan mahimman fasahohin don samar da seedling na kayan lambu, kuma za su ci gaba da haɓaka haɓaka fasahar shuka shuka.

Marubuta: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Madogarar labarin: Asusun Wechat na Fasahar Injiniyan Aikin Noma (noman noma)