Abstract

A halin yanzu, masana'antar shuka ta sami nasarar samun nasarar kiwon kayan lambu irin su cucumbers, tumatur, barkono, eggplants, kankana, tare da samar wa manoma da ingantattun shuke-shuke a cikin batches, kuma aikin samar da su bayan shuka ya fi kyau.Kamfanonin shuka sun zama muhimmiyar hanyar samar da shuka ga masana'antar kayan lambu, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta tsarin samar da kayan marmari na masana'antar kayan lambu, tabbatar da samar da kayan lambu na birane da samar da koren kayan lambu.

Shuka factory seedling kiwo tsarin zane da key fasaha kayan aiki

A matsayin tsarin samar da aikin noma mafi inganci a halin yanzu, tsarin kiwo na masana'antar shuka ya haɗu da cikakkun hanyoyin fasaha da suka haɗa da hasken wucin gadi, samar da mafita na abinci mai gina jiki, kula da muhalli mai nau'i uku, ayyukan taimako na atomatik, sarrafa samar da fasaha, da sauransu, kuma yana haɗa fasahar kere kere, bayanai. fasaha da basirar wucin gadi.Hankali da sauran nasarorin fasaha na fasaha suna haɓaka ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antu. 

Tsarin tushen hasken wucin gadi na LED

Gina yanayin haske na wucin gadi na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasahohin tsarin kiwo a cikin masana'antar shuka, kuma shi ne babban tushen makamashi don samar da tsaba.Yanayin haske na masana'antun tsire-tsire yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kuma ana iya daidaita yanayin haske daga nau'i-nau'i masu yawa irin su ingancin haske, ƙarfin haske da kuma lokacin daukar hoto, kuma a lokaci guda, ana iya inganta abubuwan haske daban-daban kuma a haɗa su a cikin jerin lokaci don samar da wani lokaci. dabarar haske don noman seedling, tabbatar da yanayin haske mai dacewa don noman wucin gadi na seedlings.Sabili da haka, dangane da halayen buƙatun haske da burin samar da ci gaban seedling daban-daban, ta hanyar haɓaka sigogin tsarin hasken haske da dabarun samar da haske, an haɓaka tushen hasken LED na musamman na ceton makamashi, wanda zai iya haɓaka ingantaccen canjin makamashin haske na seedlings. , inganta tari na seedling biomass, da kuma inganta ingancin samar da seedling, yayin da rage yawan makamashi da kuma samar da farashin.Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idodin muhallin haske kuma hanya ce ta fasaha mai mahimmanci a cikin aiwatar da aikin gida na seedlings da warkar da tsire-tsire.

Tsarin seedling na tsaye mai ɗimbin yawa

Ana gudanar da kiwo na seedling a cikin masana'antar shuka ta hanyar amfani da shiryayye mai girman nau'i uku.Ta hanyar ƙirar tsarin tsarin, za a iya gane saurin haɗuwa da tsarin kiwon seedling.Za a iya daidaita tazara tsakanin ɗakunan ajiya da sassauƙa don saduwa da buƙatun sararin samaniya don kiwo iri-iri iri-iri da haɓaka ƙimar amfani da sarari sosai.Bugu da ƙari, keɓantaccen tsarin tsarin shuka iri, tsarin hasken wuta, da tsarin ban ruwa da taki yana ba da damar shukar ta sami aikin jigilar duka biyu, wanda ya dace da ƙaura zuwa wuraren bita daban-daban kamar shuka, tsiro da aikin gida, kuma yana rage yawan aiki. amfani da seedling tire handling.

Tsarin seedling na tsaye mai ɗimbin yawa 

Ruwa da ban ruwa na taki galibi yana ɗaukar nau'in tidal, nau'in feshi da sauran hanyoyin, ta hanyar daidaitaccen kulawa da lokaci da yawan isar da abinci mai gina jiki, don cimma wadata iri ɗaya da ingantaccen amfani da abinci mai gina jiki da ruwa da ma'adinai.Haɗe tare da tsarin bayani na musamman na gina jiki don tsire-tsire, zai iya saduwa da girma da buƙatun ci gaban shuka da tabbatar da saurin girma da lafiya na shuka.Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar tsarin gano ion na gina jiki na kan layi da tsarin samar da mafita na gina jiki, za a iya cika abubuwan gina jiki a cikin lokaci, tare da guje wa tarawar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu waɗanda ke shafar ci gaban al'ada na seedlings. 

Tsarin Kula da Muhalli

Madaidaici kuma ingantaccen kula da muhalli yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasalulluka na tsarin yaduwar shukar masana'antar shuka.Tsarin gyare-gyaren waje na masana'antar shuka gabaɗaya an haɗa shi daga kayan da ba su da kyau kuma masu rufewa sosai.A kan wannan, ƙa'idar haske, zafin jiki, zafi, saurin iska, da CO2 kusan ba su da tasiri ta yanayin waje.Ta hanyar gina samfurin CFD don inganta tsarin tsarin iska, haɗe tare da tsarin kula da micro-muhalli, daidaitattun rarraba abubuwan muhalli kamar zazzabi, zafi, saurin iska, da CO2 a cikin sararin al'ada mai girma zai iya. a samu.Ana aiwatar da ka'idojin muhalli mai hankali ta hanyar rarraba na'urori masu auna firikwensin da kula da tuntuɓar juna, kuma ana aiwatar da ƙa'idodin ainihin lokacin duk yanayin noma ta hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin sashin kulawa da tsarin sarrafawa.Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da maɓuɓɓugar haske mai sanyaya ruwa da wurare dabam dabam na ruwa, haɗe tare da gabatarwar wuraren sanyi na waje, na iya samun nasarar kwantar da makamashi da kuma rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki.

Kayan aikin taimako ta atomatik

The shuka factory seedling kiwo aiki tsari ne m, da aiki yawa ne high, sarari ne m, da atomatik karin kayan aiki ne makawa.Yin amfani da kayan aikin taimako na atomatik ba kawai yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan amfani da aiki ba, har ma yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin aikin noma.A aiki da kai kayan aikin da aka ɓullo da ya zuwa yanzu ya hada da toshe ƙasa rufe inji, seeder, grafting inji, AGV dabaru isar trolley, da dai sauransu A karkashin iko da goyon bayan m management dandamali, da unmanned aiki na dukan tsari na seedling kiwo iya m zama. gane.Bugu da kari, fasahar hangen nesa ta na'ura kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da kiwo.Ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen saka idanu da yanayin girma na seedlings ba, yana taimakawa wajen gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, amma kuma yana yin nunin atomatik na tsire-tsire masu rauni da matattu.Hannun mutum-mutumi yana cirewa ya cika tsiron.

Amfanin shuka factory seedling kiwo

Babban matakin kula da muhalli yana ba da damar samarwa na shekara-shekara

Saboda fifikon kiwo na seedling, kula da yanayin noman sa yana da mahimmanci.A ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antar shuka, abubuwan muhalli irin su haske, zafin jiki, ruwa, iska, taki da CO2 ana sarrafa su sosai, wanda zai iya samar da mafi kyawun yanayin girma don shuka seedling, ba tare da la'akari da yanayi da yankuna ba.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsarin kiwo na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da yankan tsire-tsire, tsarin daskararren warkar da raunuka da bambance-bambancen tushen yana buƙatar kulawar muhalli mafi girma, kuma masana'antun shuka suma suna da kyau.Sauye-sauyen yanayin muhalli na masana'antar shuka kanta yana da ƙarfi, don haka yana da mahimmanci ga samar da tsire-tsire na kayan lambu a lokutan da ba a kiwo ba ko kuma a cikin matsanancin yanayi, kuma yana iya ba da tallafin seedling don tabbatar da samar da kayan lambu na shekara-shekara.Bugu da kari, shukar shukar masana'antar shuka ba ta da iyaka da sararin samaniya, kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi nan da nan a cikin unguwannin birane da wuraren taruwar jama'a.Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun su ne masu sassauƙa da canzawa, suna ba da damar samar da yawan jama'a da kuma samar da ingantattun tsire-tsire masu kyau, suna ba da tallafi mai mahimmanci don bunkasa noman noma na birane. 

Rage sake zagayowar kiwo da inganta ingancin seedlings

A karkashin yanayin masana'antar shuka, godiya ga madaidaicin kulawar abubuwan muhalli daban-daban na girma, an rage sake zagayowar kiwo da kashi 30% zuwa 50% idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gargajiya.Gajarta zagayowar kiwo na iya ƙara yawan samar da tsire-tsire, ƙara samun kuɗin shiga mai samarwa, da rage haɗarin aiki da hauhawar kasuwa ke haifarwa.Ga masu noma, yana da amfani ga dasawa da dasawa da wuri, ƙaddamar da kasuwa da wuri, da haɓaka gasa ta kasuwa.A gefe guda, tsire-tsire da aka haifa a cikin masana'antar shuka suna da kyau kuma suna da ƙarfi, ƙirar ƙirar halitta da ingantattun alamomi suna inganta sosai, kuma aikin samarwa bayan mulkin mallaka ya fi kyau.Nazarin ya nuna cewa tumatir, barkono da kuma kokwamba seedlings bred a karkashin shuka masana'antu yanayi ba kawai inganta ganye yankin, shuka tsawo, kara diamita, tushen ƙarfi da sauran Manuniya, amma kuma inganta karbuwa, cututtuka juriya, flower toho bambancin bayan mulkin mallaka.Kuma samarwa da sauran bangarorin suna da fa'ida a bayyane.Yawan furannin mata a kowace shuka ya karu da kashi 33.8% sannan adadin 'ya'yan itacen kowane shuka ya karu da kashi 37.3% bayan dasa shuki na kokwamba da aka yi a masana'antar shuka.Tare da ci gaba da zurfafa bincike na ka'idar akan ilmin halitta na yanayin ci gaban seedling, masana'antun shuka za su kasance mafi daidai kuma masu sarrafawa a cikin tsara yanayin halittar seedling da inganta ayyukan ilimin lissafi.

 Kwatanta jihar grafted seedlings a greenhouses da shuka masana'antu

Ingantacciyar amfani da albarkatu don rage farashin seedling

Masana'antar shuka tana ɗaukar daidaitattun hanyoyin dasa shuki, bayanai da masana'antu, ta yadda kowace hanyar haɗin gwiwar samar da seedling tana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu yana inganta sosai.Irin su ne babban farashin da ake amfani da su a cikin kiwo.Saboda rashin aiki na yau da kullun da rashin kula da muhalli na shukar gargajiya, ana samun matsaloli kamar rashin girma ko rashin ƙarfi na iri, wanda ke haifar da ɓarna mai yawa a cikin tsari daga tsaba zuwa tsiron kasuwanci.A cikin yanayin masana'antar shuka, ta hanyar sarrafa iri, shuka mai kyau da kuma kula da yanayin noma, ana samun ingantaccen amfani da iri sosai, kuma ana iya rage adadin da fiye da 30%.Ruwa, taki da sauran albarkatu su ma su ne babban abin da ake kashewa wajen noman shukar gargajiya, kuma al’amarin sharar albarkatu yana da muni.A karkashin yanayin masana'antar shuka, ta hanyar amfani da ingantaccen fasahar ban ruwa, za a iya ƙara yawan amfanin ruwa da taki da fiye da 70%.Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin masana'antar shuka kanta da daidaiton kula da muhalli, ƙarfin amfani da makamashi da CO2 a cikin aiwatar da yaduwar seedling shima yana inganta sosai.

Idan aka kwatanta da kiwon budadden fili na gargajiya da kiwo a cikin greenhouse, babban fasalin kiwo a masana'antar shuka shi ne ana iya aiwatar da shi ta nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i uku.A cikin masana'antar shuka, ana iya haɓaka kiwo daga jirgin sama zuwa sararin samaniya, wanda ke inganta haɓakar shukar seedling a kowane yanki na ƙasa kuma yana inganta ingantaccen amfani da sararin samaniya.Alal misali, daidaitaccen tsari na kiwo na seedling wanda kamfanin nazarin halittu ya haɓaka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin rufe yanki na 4.68 ㎡, zai iya haifar da fiye da 10,000 seedlings a cikin tsari guda, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da kayan lambu 3.3 Mu (2201.1 ㎡) bukatun.A karkashin yanayin babban nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in)) goyon bayan kayan aiki na atomatik da tsarin sufuri na fasaha na fasaha na iya inganta ingantaccen amfani da aiki da kuma adana aiki da fiye da 50%.

High juriya seedling kiwo don taimakawa kore samar

Tsaftataccen yanayin samar da masana'antar shuka zai iya rage yawan kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka a cikin sararin kiwo.A lokaci guda, ta hanyar ingantacciyar yanayin yanayin al'ada, tsire-tsire da aka samar za su sami juriya mafi girma, wanda zai iya rage yawan feshin magungunan kashe qwari a lokacin yaduwa da shuka.Bugu da kari, don kiwo na musamman na tsiro irin su grafted seedlings da yankan tsire-tsire, ana iya amfani da matakan sarrafa kore kamar haske, zafin jiki, ruwa da taki a cikin masana'antar shuka don maye gurbin babban amfani da hormones a cikin ayyukan gargajiya don tabbatar da tabbatar da ingancin rayuwa. aminci abinci, rage gurbacewar muhalli, da cimma koren tsiri mai dorewa.

Binciken farashin samarwa 

Hanyoyin da masana'antun shuka za su haɓaka fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin shuka sun haɗa da sassa biyu.A gefe guda, ta hanyar inganta tsarin tsari, daidaitaccen aiki da amfani da na'urori da kayan aiki masu hankali, zai iya rage yawan amfani da iri, wutar lantarki da aiki a cikin tsarin kiwo, da inganta ruwa, taki, zafi, amfani da makamashi. .Yin amfani da iskar gas da CO2 yana rage farashin kiwo na seedling;a daya bangaren kuma, ta hanyar kula da muhalli daidai da inganta yadda ake gudanar da aikin, ana takaita lokacin kiwo, sannan ana kara yawan nau'o'in kiwo da shukar da ake samu a kowace raka'a, wanda ya fi yin gasa a kasuwa. 

Tare da ci gaban fasahar masana'antar shuka da ci gaba da zurfafa bincike kan ilimin halittu kan muhalli kan noman seedling, farashin kiwo a masana'antar shuka iri ɗaya ne da na noman greenhouse na gargajiya, kuma inganci da darajar ciyawar shuka ta fi girma.Ɗaukar tsire-tsire na kokwamba a matsayin misali, kayan samar da kayan aiki suna da adadi mai yawa, suna lissafin kimanin kashi 37% na jimlar farashin, ciki har da tsaba, maganin gina jiki, toshe trays, substrates, da dai sauransu. Amfanin makamashi na lantarki ya kai kimanin 24% na jimlar. farashi, ciki har da hasken shuka, kwandishan da kuma kayan abinci mai gina jiki famfo makamashi amfani, da dai sauransu, wanda shine babban alkibla na ingantawa nan gaba.Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan rabon aiki shine fasalin samar da masana'antar shuka.Tare da ci gaba da karuwa a cikin digiri na atomatik, za a kara rage yawan farashin kayan aiki.A nan gaba za a iya inganta tattalin arzikin da ake samu na kiwo a masana'antar shuka ta hanyar samar da amfanin gona masu kima da bunkasa fasahar noman masana'antu don shuka itatuwan daji masu daraja.

Farashin seedling cucumber /%

Matsayin Masana'antu

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, cibiyoyin binciken kimiyya da cibiyar binciken aikin gona ta birane na kwalejin kimiyyar aikin gona ta kasar Sin ta wakilta, da kamfanoni masu fasaha na zamani sun fahimci sana'ar kiwo a masana'antar shuka.Zai iya samar da tsire-tsire tare da ingantaccen layin samar da masana'antu daga iri zuwa fitowar.Daga cikin su, wata masana'antar shuka a Shanxi da aka gina kuma aka fara aiki a shekarar 2019 tana rufe yanki mai girman 3,500 ㎡ kuma tana iya haifuwa da barkonon tsohuwa 800,000 ko kuma 550,000 na tumatir a cikin zagaye na kwanaki 30.Wata masana'antar shukar shukar da aka gina ta rufe yanki mai girman 2300 ㎡ kuma tana iya samar da tsire-tsire miliyan 8-10 a shekara.Cibiyar koyar da aikin gona ta kasar Sin za ta iya samar da wani dandalin warkar da cututtuka da na gida don noman tsiron da aka dasa a cikin gida, wanda Cibiyar Aikin Noma ta Birane ta samar da kanta.Wurin aiki ɗaya zai iya ɗaukar fiye da 10,000 shuka da aka dasa a lokaci guda.A nan gaba, ana sa ran za a kara fadada nau'o'in nau'in shuka iri a masana'antar shuka, kuma matakin sarrafa kansa da hankali zai ci gaba da inganta.

Cibiyar koyar da aikin noma ta kasar Sin, Cibiyar aikin gona ta birane, ta kasar Sin, ta samar da injin warkarwa ta wayar hannu don tsiro.

Outlook

A matsayin sabon dillalan noman seedling na masana'anta, masana'antar shuka suna da fa'ida mai yawa da yuwuwar kasuwanci idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin kiwon seedling na gargajiya dangane da madaidaicin kula da muhalli, ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu da daidaitattun ayyuka.Ta hanyar rage amfani da albarkatu kamar irinsu iri, ruwa, taki, makamashi da ma'aikata wajen kiwo, da inganta yawan amfanin gona da ingancin shuka a kowace yanki, za a kara rage farashin da ake kashewa a masana'antar shuka, kuma kayayyakin za su kara raguwa. zama mafi gasa a kasuwa.Akwai babbar bukatar shuka a kasar Sin.Baya ga noman amfanin gona na gargajiya kamar su kayan lambu, ana sa ran za a yi noman tsire-tsire masu daraja irin su furanni, magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin, da itatuwan da ba kasafai ake samun su ba a masana'antun shuka, kuma za a kara inganta moriyar tattalin arziki.A sa'i daya kuma, dandalin kiwo da masana'antu ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaito da sassaucin nau'in iri iri daban-daban don biyan bukatun kasuwannin kiwo a yanayi daban-daban.

Ka'idar nazarin halittu na yanayin kiwo na seedling shine ainihin ikon sarrafa yanayin masana'antar shuka.Zurfafa bincike a kan tsari na seedling shuka siffar da photosynthesis da sauran physiological ayyuka ta muhalli dalilai kamar haske, zafin jiki, zafi da CO2 zai taimaka wajen kafa seedling-muhalli m model, wanda zai iya rage makamashi amfani da seedling samar da kuma inganta inganci da samar da seedlings.Quality yana ba da tushen ka'idar.A kan wannan, sarrafa fasaha da kayan aiki tare da haske a matsayin ainihin kuma haɗe tare da sauran abubuwan muhalli, da kuma tsara samar da tsire-tsire tare da nau'in tsire-tsire na musamman, high uniformity da high quality don saduwa da buƙatun namo mai girma da aikin injiniya a cikin shuka. ana iya haɓaka masana'antu.A ƙarshe, yana ba da tushen fasaha don gina tsarin samar da seedling na dijital kuma ya gane daidaitattun, marasa ƙarfi da kuma kiwo na dijital a masana'antar shuka.

Marubuci: Xu Yaliang, Liu Xinying, da dai sauransu. 

Bayanin ambato:

Xu Yaliang, Liu Xinying, Yang Qichang.Key fasaha kayan aiki da masana'antu na seedling kiwo a shuka masana'antu [J].Fasahar Injiniyan Aikin Noma, 2021,42(4):12-15.