asali Zhang Zhuoyan Greenhouse Horticulture Engineering Technology 2022-09-09 17:20 An buga a Beijing

Common greenhouse iri da halaye na Berry namo

Ana girbe berries duk shekara a arewacin kasar Sin kuma suna buƙatar noman greenhouse.Duk da haka, an sami matsaloli daban-daban a cikin ainihin aikin shuka ta hanyar amfani da nau'o'in kayan aiki daban-daban irin su greenhouses na hasken rana, ɗakunan gine-gine masu yawa, da kuma gidajen cin abinci na fim.

01 Film Greenhouse

Amfanin girma berries a cikin fim ɗin fim shine cewa akwai buɗewar samun iska guda huɗu a bangarorin biyu da saman saman greenhouse, kowannensu yana da faɗin 50-80cm, kuma tasirin samun iska yana da kyau.Duk da haka, saboda ba shi da kyau don ƙara kayan daɗaɗɗen thermal irin su quilts, tasirin zafi mai zafi ba shi da kyau.Matsakaicin zafin jiki mafi ƙasƙanci da daddare a arewacin hunturu shine -9 ° C, kuma matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse na fim shine -8 ° C.Berries ba za a iya girma a cikin hunturu.

02 Rana Greenhouse

Amfanin shuka berries a cikin greenhouse na hasken rana shine lokacin da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici da dare a lokacin hunturu na arewa shine -9 ° C, matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse na hasken rana zai iya kaiwa 8 ° C.Koyaya, bangon ƙasa na greenhouse na hasken rana yana haifar da ƙarancin amfani da ƙasa.A lokaci guda kuma, akwai buɗaɗɗen samun iska guda biyu a gefen kudu da kuma saman ciyawar hasken rana, kowanne yana da faɗin 50-80cm, kuma tasirin iska ba shi da kyau.

03 Tsarin gine-gine masu yawa

Amfanin girma berries a cikin fim mai dumbin yawa na greenhouse shine cewa tsarin gine-gine masu yawa ba ya mamaye ƙarin filayen noma, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da yawa.Akwai jimillar buɗewar samun iska guda takwas a ɓangarorin huɗu da kuma saman ƙorafin ɗimbin yawa (ɗaukar 30m × 30m babban greenhouse mai tsayi a matsayin misali).An tabbatar da tasirin samun iska.Koyaya, lokacin da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici da dare a cikin hunturu ta Arewa shine -9°C, matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin fim ɗin da aka fi sani da yawa shine -7°C.A cikin hunturu, yawan kuzarin yau da kullun don kiyaye mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na cikin gida zuwa 15 ° C don haɓakar berry na yau da kullun zai iya kaiwa 340 kW•h / 667m².

Daga 2018 zuwa 2022, ƙungiyar marubucin ta gwada tare da kwatanta tasirin aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da su na greenhouses na fim, greenhouses na hasken rana da greenhouses masu yawa.A lokaci guda kuma, an ƙirƙira da kuma gina wani greenhouse mai wayo wanda ya dace da noman berry ta hanyar da aka yi niyya.

Kwatanta babban fasali na greenhouse daban-daban

Fim greenhouses, hasken rana greenhouses da Multi-span greenhouses

Sau biyu-span greenhouse ga berries

Dangane da gidajen lambuna na yau da kullun, ƙungiyar marubucin ta tsara kuma ta gina greenhouse mai ninki biyu don dashen Berry, kuma an aiwatar da dasa shuki tare da raspberries a matsayin misali.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa sabon greenhouse ya haifar da yanayi mai girma wanda ya fi dacewa da dasa shuki Berry, kuma ya inganta dandano da abun ciki mai gina jiki na raspberries.

Kwatanta Haɗin Ginshikin 'Ya'yan itace

Gine-gine mai tsayi biyu

Gidan greenhouse mai ninki biyu sabon nau'in greenhouse ne wanda tasirin samun iska, tasirin haske da yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi dacewa da noman berry.Ana nuna sigogin tsarin a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.

Bayanan greenhouse mai tsayi biyu / mm

Siffar tsarin gine-gine mai tsayi biyu

Dasa tsayin berries ya bambanta da tsayin dasa kayan lambu na gargajiya.Irin rasberi da aka noma na iya kaiwa fiye da mita 2.A gefen ƙasa na greenhouse, shuke-shuken Berry za su yi girma sosai kuma su karya ta cikin fim din.Girman berries yana buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi ( jimlar hasken rana 400 ~ 800 raka'a radiation (10)⁴W/m²).Ana iya gani daga teburin da ke ƙasa cewa tsawon lokacin haske da ƙarfin haske a lokacin rani ba su da tasiri a kan berries, kuma a cikin hunturu ƙananan ƙarfin haske da gajeren lokacin haske ya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin berries.Hakanan akwai bambanci a cikin hasken haske a gefen arewa da kudu na greenhouse na hasken rana, wanda ke haifar da bambanci na girma shuka a arewa da kudu.Layer na ƙasa na ginin bangon ƙasa na greenhouse na hasken rana ya lalace sosai, ƙimar amfani da ƙasa shine rabin kawai, kuma matakan hana ruwan sama sun lalace tare da haɓaka rayuwar sabis.

Sakamakon ƙarfin haske da tsawon lokacin haske akan amfanin rasberi a cikin hunturu da bazara

amfanin ƙasa

01 Samun iska

Sabuwar greenhouse mai nisa guda biyu ya kara tsayin iska mai zurfi a matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci don tabbatar da cewa babu wani fim a wurin dasa shuki wanda zai iya hana ci gaban tsire-tsire.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan ramuka tare da nisa na 0.4-0.6m a cikin gidajen lambuna na yau da kullun na hasken rana, wuraren da ke da faɗin 1.2-1.5m a cikin greenhouse mai ninki biyu sun ninka wurin samun iska.

02 Yawan amfani da ƙasa na greenhouse da Warming & Insulation

Furen da ke da tsayi biyu ya dogara da tazarar 16m kuma tsayin 5.5m.Idan aka kwatanta da na yau da kullun na greenhouses, sarari na ciki ya fi girma sau 1.5, kuma kashi 95% na ainihin wurin shuka ana samun ba tare da gina ganuwar ƙasa ba, wanda ke haɓaka ƙimar amfani da ƙasa da fiye da 40%.Daban-daban daga katangar ƙasa da aka gina don ƙoshin zafi da adana zafi a cikin gidajen abinci na hasken rana, greenhouse mai ninki biyu yana ɗaukar tsarin ƙirar zafin jiki na ciki da tsarin dumama bututun bene, wanda ba ya mamaye yankin dasa.Babban tazarar yana kawo ninki biyu da adadin isar da haske, wanda ke ƙara ajiyar zafin ƙasa ta 0 ~ 5°C kowace shekara.A lokaci guda kuma, ana ƙara ƙwanƙolin zafin jiki na ciki da saitin tsarin dumama bututun dumama a cikin greenhouse don kula da zafin ciki na greenhouse zuwa sama da 15 ° C a ƙarƙashin yanayin sanyi na -20 ° C a cikin hunturu ta arewa. don haka tabbatar da al'ada fitarwa na berries a cikin hunturu.

03 Hasken wutar lantarki

Girman berries yana da babban buƙatu akan haske, wanda ke buƙatar jimlar hasken rana na raka'a 400-800 na radiation (10).⁴W/m²) na tsananin haske.Abubuwan da ke shafar hasken greenhouse sun haɗa da yanayin yanayi, yanayi, latitude da tsarin gini.Uku na farko abubuwa ne na dabi'a kuma mutane ba sa sarrafa su, yayin da na biyun mutane ne ke sarrafa su.Hasken greenhouse yana da alaƙa da yanayin yanayin greenhouse (a cikin 10 ° kudu ko arewa), kusurwar rufin (20 ~ 40 °), yankin shading na kayan gini, watsa haske na fim ɗin filastik da gurɓataccen ruwa, ɗigon ruwa, digiri na tsufa, waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan da suka shafi hasken wutar lantarki.Soke rufin thermal na waje kuma a yi amfani da tsarin rufin thermal na ciki, wanda zai iya rage saman shading da kashi 20%.Don tabbatar da aikin watsa hasken haske da kuma ingantaccen sabis na fim ɗin, ya zama dole don cire ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara a saman fim ɗin a cikin lokaci.Bayan gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa kusurwar rufin 25 ~ 27 ° ya fi dacewa da zubar da ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara.Babban fa'ida na greenhouse da tsarin arewa-kudu na iya sanya hasken ya zama daidai don magance matsalar rashin daidaituwar tsiro a cikin greenhouse iri ɗaya.

Musamman manyan-span thermal rufin filastik greenhouse don berries

Tawagar marubucin ta yi bincike kuma ta gina wani babban greenhouse mai girma.Wannan greenhouse yana da babban fa'ida a cikin ingantaccen tsadar gini, yawan amfanin berry da aikin rufewar thermal.

Siffofin tsarin gine-gine masu girma-girma

Tsarin gine-gine masu girma-girma

01 Amfanin zafin jiki

Babban-span greenhouse baya buƙatar ganuwar ƙasa, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa na yau da kullun na greenhouse yana ƙaruwa da fiye da 30%.An ƙaddara cewa babban-tsayi na waje na filaye na filastik filastik zai iya kaiwa 6 ° C lokacin da zafin jiki na waje ya kasance -15 ° C, kuma bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin gida da waje shine 21 ° C.Dangane da yanayin yanayin zafi, yana kama da aikin greenhouse na hasken rana.

Kwatanta aikin rufewar thermal da aikin watsar da zafi tsakanin manyan greenhouses da greenhouse greenhouse a cikin hunturu

02 Fa'idodin tsari

Ginin yana da tsari mai ma'ana, tushe mai ƙarfi, juriya na iska na aji 10, nauyin dusar ƙanƙara na 0.43kN/m², juriya mai ƙarfi ga bala'o'i irin su ruwan sama da tarin dusar ƙanƙara, da rayuwar sabis na fiye da shekaru 15.Idan aka kwatanta da greenhouses na yau da kullun, sararin ciki na yanki ɗaya yana ƙaruwa sau 2 ~ 3, wanda ya dace da ayyukan injiniyoyi, kuma ya dace da dasa shuki da tsire-tsire masu tsayi (2m ± 1m).

03 Fa'idodin yanayin haske da sarari

Manyan gine-ginen greenhouses suna da fa'ida sosai ga gudanarwar ma'aikata da tsara jadawalin a cikin manyan dasa shuki, kuma suna iya guje wa ɓarna na aiki yadda ya kamata.Tsarin rufin na babban ɗakin greenhouse yana da cikakken la'akari da kusurwar hasken rana da kuma yanayin da ya faru na hasken rana a kan fuskar fim a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, don haka zai iya samar da yanayin haske mai kyau a cikin yanayi daban-daban da lokuta daban-daban na hasken rana (haɗe). tare da kusurwar da ke tsakanin filin fim da ƙasa shine 27 ° don ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara don zamewa ƙasa gaba ɗaya) , don rage tarwatsawa da raguwar haske kamar yadda zai yiwu, da kuma kara yawan amfani da makamashin hasken rana.An ƙara sararin sararin samaniyar babban-girma fiye da sau 2, kuma CO₂ dangane da iskar yana karuwa da fiye da sau 2, wanda ke da amfani ga ci gaban amfanin gona da kuma cimma manufar haɓakar noma.

Kwatanta wurare daban-daban don girma berries

Manufar gina kogin da ya fi dacewa da dashen berry shi ne samun wani muhimmin yanayi na ci gaba da kula da muhalli a cikin dashen berry, kuma bunƙasar shuke-shuke cikin basira yana nuna fa'ida da rashin amfani da yanayin da suke girma.

Kwatanta girma na raspberries a cikin greenhouses daban-daban

Kwatanta girma na raspberries a cikin greenhouses daban-daban

Yawan amfanin 'ya'yan itacen rasberi shima ya dogara da yanayin girma da kula da muhalli.Daidaitaccen ƙimar yarda da 'ya'yan itace na farko ya fi 70% da fitarwa na 4t/667m² yana nufin riba mafi girma.

kwatankwacin yawan amfanin gonaki na greenhouses da daidaitattun ƙimar yarda na 'ya'yan itace ajin farko

Rasberi kayayyakin 

Bayanin ambato

Zhang Zhuoyan.Tsarin kayan aiki na musamman wanda ya dace da noman rasberi [J].Fasahar Injiniyan Aikin Noma, 2022,42(22):12-15.