|Taƙaitaccen Bayani|

Ta amfani da ciyawar rye a matsayin kayan gwaji, an yi amfani da hanyar al'adar tire mai toshe tire mai lamba 32 don nazarin tasirin shukar (hatsi 7, 14/tire) akan girbin ciyawar rye guda uku da aka noma da hasken farin LED (kwanaki na 17, 34, 51) akan yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ciyawar rye na iya girma a ƙarƙashin hasken farin LED, kuma saurin sake farfaɗowa yana da sauri bayan yankewa, kuma ana iya samar da shi bisa ga hanyoyin girbi da yawa. Yawan shukar ya yi tasiri sosai kan yawan amfanin ƙasa. A lokacin yanka uku, yawan amfanin gona na hatsi 14/tire ya fi na hatsi 7/tire. Yawan amfanin gona na iri biyu ya nuna yanayin raguwa da farko sannan ya ƙaru. Jimlar yawan amfanin gona na hatsi 7/tire da hatsi 14/tire sun kasance 11.11 da 15.51 kg/㎡, bi da bi, kuma suna da yuwuwar amfani da su a kasuwanci.

Kaya da matakai

Kayan Gwaji da Hanyoyi

Zafin da ke cikin masana'antar shukar ya kai 24±2°C, ɗanɗanon da ke tsakanin 35%–50%, kuma yawan CO2 ya kai 500±50 μmol/mol. An yi amfani da hasken fitilar LED mai launin fari mai girman 49 cm×49 cm don haskakawa, kuma an sanya hasken panel a 40 cm sama da tiren toshewa. Rabon matrix shine peat: perlite: vermiculite = 3:1:1, a zuba ruwan da aka tace don a gauraya daidai gwargwado, a daidaita ruwan zuwa 55%~60%, sannan a adana shi na tsawon awanni 2~3 bayan matrix ya sha ruwa sosai sannan a sanya shi daidai gwargwado a cikin 54 cm × 28 cm a cikin toshe mai ramuka 32. Zaɓi iri waɗanda suka yi kauri kuma girmansu iri ɗaya ne don shuka.

Tsarin Gwaji

An saita ƙarfin hasken farin LED zuwa 350 μmol/(㎡/s), rarrabawar spectral kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, lokacin haske-duhu shine awanni 16/awanni 8, kuma lokacin haske shine 5:00~21:00. An saita yawan shuka guda biyu na hatsi 7 da 14/rami don shuka. A cikin wannan gwajin, an shuka iri a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Bayan shuka, an shuka su a cikin duhu. An fara haskakawa a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba. A lokacin noman haske, an ƙara ruwan abinci na Hoagland a cikin tiren shuka.

Bakan don hasken farin LED

Manuniya da Hanyoyi na Girbi

Lura da cewa lokacin da matsakaicin tsayin tsirrai ya kai tsayin hasken panel, a girbe shi. An yanke su a ranakun 22 ga Nuwamba, 9 ga Disamba da 26 ga Disamba, bi da bi, tare da tazara ta kwanaki 17. Tsawon ciyawar ya kasance 2.5±0.5 cm, kuma an zaɓi tsire-tsire bazuwar a cikin ramuka 3 yayin girbi, kuma an auna ciyawar rye da aka girbe kuma an yi rikodin ta, kuma an ƙididdige yawan amfanin kowace murabba'in mita a cikin dabarar (1). Yawan amfanin gona, W shine jimlar nauyin kowane ciyawar yankewa.

Yawan amfanin ƙasa=(W×32)/0.1512/1000(kg/㎡)

(Yankin faranti = 0.54×0.28=0.1512㎡) (1)

Sakamako da Bincike

Dangane da matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona, yanayin yawan amfanin gona na yawan amfanin gona guda biyu shine amfanin gona na farko > amfanin gona na uku > amfanin gona na biyu, 24.7 g > 15.41 g > 12.35 g (hatsi 7 a kowace rami), 36.6 g > 19.72 g, bi da bi. ＞16.98 g (kapsul 14 a kowace rami). Akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin yawan amfanin gona guda biyu a yawan amfanin gona na farko, amma babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin amfanin gona na biyu, na uku da jimlar yawan amfanin gona.

Tasirin yawan shuka da lokacin yanke ciyawa akan yawan amfanin ryegrass

A bisa ga tsare-tsaren yankewa daban-daban, ana ƙididdige zagayowar samarwa. Zagayen yankewa ɗaya shine kwanaki 20; yankawa biyu shine kwanaki 37; kuma yankawa uku shine kwanaki 54. Yawan shuka hatsi 7/rami yana da mafi ƙarancin yawan amfanin ƙasa, kawai 5.23 kg/㎡. Lokacin da yawan shuka ya kasance hatsi 14/rami, yawan amfanin ƙasa na yankawa 3 shine 15.51 kg/㎡, wanda ya ninka yawan amfanin ƙasa na hatsi 7/rami sau 1, kuma ya fi sauran lokutan yankewa girma. Tsawon zagayowar girma na yankawa uku shine sau 2.7 na yankawa ɗaya, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa shine sau 2 kawai na yankawa ɗaya. Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa lokacin da yawan shuka shine hatsi 7/rami sau 3 da hatsi 14/rami sau 2, amma bambancin zagayowar samarwa tsakanin hanyoyin biyu shine kwanaki 17. Lokacin da yawan shuka shine hatsi 14/rami sau ɗaya, yawan amfanin ƙasa bai bambanta sosai da na hatsi 7/rami sau ɗaya ko biyu ba.

Yawan amfanin gona da aka yanka sau 1-3 a ƙarƙashin ƙimar shuka biyu

A fannin samarwa, ya kamata a tsara adadin shiryayye masu dacewa, tsayin shiryayye, da kuma yawan shuka don ƙara yawan amfanin gona a kowane yanki, kuma ya kamata a haɗa yanka a kan lokaci tare da kimanta ingancin abinci mai gina jiki don inganta ingancin samfura. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da kuɗaɗen tattalin arziki kamar iri, aiki, da adana ciyawa sabo. A halin yanzu, masana'antar kiwo tana fuskantar matsalolin tsarin zagayawa na samfura mara kyau da ƙarancin matakin kasuwanci. Ana iya yaɗa shi ne kawai a yankunan gida, wanda ba shi da amfani ga cimma haɗin ciyawa da dabbobi a faɗin ƙasar. Samar da masana'antar shuka ba wai kawai zai iya rage zagayowar girbin ciyawar rye ba, inganta ƙimar fitarwa a kowane yanki, da kuma cimma wadatar ciyawa sabo a kowace shekara, har ma zai iya gina masana'antu bisa ga rarrabawar yanki da sikelin masana'antu na kiwon dabbobi, wanda ke rage farashin kayayyaki.

Takaitaccen Bayani

A taƙaice, yana yiwuwa a samar da ciyawar rye a ƙarƙashin na'urar hasken LED. Yawan hatsi 7/rami da hatsi 14/rami sun fi na farkon amfanin gona, wanda ke nuna irin wannan yanayin raguwa da farko sannan ƙaruwa. Yawan amfanin gona na iri biyu ya kai 11.11 kg/㎡ da 15.51 kg/㎡ a cikin kwanaki 54. Saboda haka, samar da ciyawar rye a masana'antun shuka yana da yuwuwar amfani da shi a kasuwanci.

Marubuci: Yanqi Chen, Wenke Liu.

Bayanin ambato:

Yanqi Chen, Wenke Liu. Tasirin yawan shukar ciyayi akan yawan amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin hasken farin LED[J]. Fasahar Injiniyan Noma, 2022, 42(4): 26-28.