Mawallafi: Yamin Li da Houcheng Liu, da sauransu, daga Kwalejin Noma, Jami'ar Noma ta Kudancin China

Tushen Labari: Noman Ganyayyaki na Greenhouse

Nau'o'in wuraren noman lambu sun haɗa da gidajen kore na filastik, gidajen kore na hasken rana, gidajen kore masu faɗi da yawa, da masana'antun shuke-shuke. Saboda gine-ginen wuraren suna toshe hanyoyin samar da hasken halitta zuwa wani mataki, babu isasshen hasken cikin gida, wanda hakan ke rage yawan amfanin gona da inganci. Saboda haka, ƙarin hasken yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin amfanin gona masu inganci da yawan amfanin gona na wurin, amma kuma ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da ƙaruwar amfani da makamashi da farashin aiki a wurin.

Na dogon lokaci, tushen hasken wucin gadi da ake amfani da shi a fannin noman lambu ya haɗa da fitilar sodium mai matsin lamba, fitilar fluorescent, fitilar halogen ta ƙarfe, fitilar incandescent, da sauransu. Manyan illolin sune yawan samar da zafi, yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma yawan kuɗin aiki. Ci gaban sabon hasken da ke fitar da haske (LED) yana ba da damar amfani da hasken wucin gadi mai ƙarancin kuzari a fannin noman lambu. LED yana da fa'idodin ingantaccen canjin hoto, ƙarfin DC, ƙaramin girma, tsawon rai, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, tsawon tsayi mai tsayi, ƙarancin hasken zafi da kariyar muhalli. Idan aka kwatanta da fitilar sodium mai matsin lamba da fitilar fluorescent da aka saba amfani da ita a yanzu, LED ba wai kawai zai iya daidaita adadin haske da inganci ba (yawan hasken band daban-daban) gwargwadon buƙatun ci gaban shuka, kuma yana iya haskaka tsire-tsire a nesa saboda hasken sanyi. Don haka, ana iya inganta adadin yadudduka na noma da ƙimar amfani da sarari, kuma ayyukan adana makamashi, kariyar muhalli da amfani da sarari mai inganci wanda ba za a iya maye gurbinsa da tushen haske na gargajiya ba za a iya cimma su.

Bisa ga waɗannan fa'idodin, an yi amfani da LED cikin nasara a fannin hasken lambu, bincike na asali game da muhallin da za a iya sarrafawa, al'adar ƙwayoyin shuka, shukar shuka a masana'antar shuka da kuma yanayin sararin samaniya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, aikin hasken girma na LED yana inganta, farashin yana raguwa, kuma ana haɓaka duk nau'ikan samfura tare da takamaiman raƙuman ruwa a hankali, don haka aikace-aikacensa a fannin noma da ilmin halitta zai faɗaɗa.

Wannan labarin ya taƙaita matsayin bincike na LED a fannin noman lambu, ya mai da hankali kan amfani da ƙarin haske na LED a cikin tushen ilmin halittu na haske, hasken LED masu girma akan samar da hasken shuka, ingancin abinci mai gina jiki da tasirin jinkirta tsufa, ginawa da amfani da dabarar haske, da kuma nazarin da kuma yiwuwar matsalolin da ake fuskanta a yanzu da kuma yiwuwar fasahar ƙarin haske ta LED.

Tasirin ƙarin hasken LED akan ci gaban amfanin gona na lambu

Tasirin da haske ke yi kan girma da ci gaban shuka sun haɗa da tsiron iri, tsawaita tushen sa, ci gaban ganye da saiwoyi, hasken rana, haɗa chlorophyll da ruɓewa, da kuma haifar da furanni. Abubuwan da ke cikin hasken a cikin wurin sun haɗa da ƙarfin haske, zagayowar haske da rarrabawar spectral. Ana iya daidaita abubuwan ta hanyar ƙarin haske na wucin gadi ba tare da iyakance yanayin yanayi ba.

A halin yanzu, akwai aƙalla nau'ikan masu karɓar haske guda uku a cikin tsire-tsire: phytochrome (yana sha ja da ja mai nisa), cryptochrome (yana sha shuɗi da hasken ultraviolet kusa da) da UV-A da UV-B. Amfani da takamaiman tushen haske mai tsayi don haskaka amfanin gona na iya inganta ingancin photosynthesis na tsirrai, yana hanzarta yanayin haske, da kuma haɓaka girma da haɓaka shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da hasken ja mai launin ja (610 ~ 720 nm) da hasken shuɗi mai launin shuɗi (400 ~ 510 nm) a cikin photosynthesis na shuka. Ta amfani da fasahar LED, ana iya haskaka haske mai launin shuɗi (kamar ja mai tsayi 660nm, shuɗi mai tsayi 450nm, da sauransu) daidai da mafi ƙarfin sha na chlorophyll, kuma faɗin yankin spectral shine ± 20 nm kawai.

A halin yanzu ana kyautata zaton cewa hasken ja-orange zai hanzarta ci gaban tsirrai sosai, ya haɓaka tarin busassun abubuwa, samuwar kwararan fitila, busassun ganye, kwararan fitila da sauran gabobin shuka, ya sa tsire-tsire su yi fure da kuma ba da 'ya'ya da wuri, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka launin shuka; Hasken shuɗi da shuɗi na iya sarrafa hasken ganyen shuka, haɓaka buɗewar stomata da motsi na chloroplast, hana tsawaita tsayin tushe, hana tsawaita shuka, jinkirta furen shuka, da kuma haɓaka haɓakar gabobin tsirrai; haɗin ja da shuɗin LEDs na iya rama rashin isasshen hasken launi ɗaya na biyun kuma ya samar da kololuwar shaye-shaye wanda ya yi daidai da photosynthesis na amfanin gona da yanayin halittar shuka. Yawan amfani da makamashin haske zai iya kaiwa kashi 80% zuwa 90%, kuma tasirin ceton makamashi yana da mahimmanci.

Idan aka sanya fitilun LED masu ƙarin haske a cikin aikin gona, za a iya samun ƙaruwa sosai a yawan amfanin gona. Bincike ya nuna cewa adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa, jimillar fitarwa da nauyin kowanne tumatir ceri a ƙarƙashin ƙarin hasken LED mai girman 300 μmol/(m²·s) da bututun LED na tsawon awanni 12 (8:00-20:00) sun ƙaru sosai. Ƙarin hasken LED ɗin ya ƙaru da kashi 42.67%, 66.89% da 16.97% bi da bi, kuma ƙarin hasken bututun LED ya ƙaru da kashi 48.91%, 94.86% da 30.86% bi da bi. Ƙarin hasken LED na LED ɗin da ke amfani da hasken LED a duk lokacin girma [rabo tsakanin hasken ja da shuɗi shine 3:2, kuma ƙarfin haske shine 300 μmol/(m²·s)] zai iya ƙara inganci da yawan amfanin 'ya'yan itace ɗaya a kowane yanki na chiehwa da eggplant. Chikuquan ya karu da kashi 5.3% da 15.6%, kuma eggplant ya karu da kashi 7.6% da 7.8%. Ta hanyar ingancin hasken LED da kuma ƙarfinsa da tsawon lokacin girma, za a iya rage zagayowar girman shuka, ana iya inganta yawan amfanin gona, ingancin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma yanayin kayan aikin gona, kuma ana iya cimma ingantaccen aiki, tanadin makamashi da kuma samar da amfanin gona mai inganci na amfanin gona na wurin.

Amfani da hasken ƙarin LED a cikin noman 'ya'yan itatuwa na kayan lambu

Daidaita yanayin tsirrai da girma da ci gaba ta hanyar hasken LED wata muhimmiyar fasaha ce a fannin noman kore. Manyan tsirrai na iya jin da kuma karɓar siginar haske ta hanyar tsarin masu karɓar haske kamar phytochrome, cryptochrome, da photoreceptor, kuma suna gudanar da canje-canje ta hanyar manzannin ƙwayoyin halitta don daidaita kyallen tsirrai da gabobinsu. Photomorphogenesis yana nufin cewa tsire-tsire suna dogara ne akan haske don sarrafa bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin halitta, canje-canje na tsari da aiki, da kuma samuwar kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki, gami da tasirin da ke kan tsiron wasu tsaba, haɓaka rinjayen apical, hana ci gaban apical, tsawaita tsayin tushe, da kuma tropism.

Noman shukar kayan lambu muhimmin bangare ne na noma a wuraren noma. Ci gaba da ruwan sama zai haifar da rashin isasshen haske a wurin, kuma shukar na iya tsawaitawa, wanda zai shafi girman kayan lambu, bambancin furanni da ci gaban 'ya'yan itace, kuma a ƙarshe yana shafar yawan amfanin su da ingancin su. A fannin noma, ana amfani da wasu masu kula da girmar shuke-shuke, kamar gibberellin, auxin, paclobutrazol da chlormequat, don daidaita girman shuka. Duk da haka, amfani da masu kula da girmar shuke-shuke ba bisa ka'ida ba na iya gurbata muhallin kayan lambu da wurare cikin sauƙi, wanda hakan ba shi da kyau ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Hasken ƙarin haske na LED yana da fa'idodi da yawa na ƙarin haske, kuma hanya ce mai yiwuwa ta amfani da ƙarin haske na LED don kiwon 'ya'yan itace. A cikin gwajin ƙarin haske na LED [25±5 μmol/(m²·s)] da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin haske [0~35 μmol/(m²·s)], an gano cewa hasken kore yana haɓaka tsayi da girman 'ya'yan kokwamba. Hasken ja da hasken shuɗi suna hana girman shuka. Idan aka kwatanta da hasken da ba shi da ƙarfi na halitta, ƙimar 'ya'yan itace mai ƙarfi na shukar da aka ƙara da hasken ja da shuɗi ya ƙaru da kashi 151.26% da 237.98%, bi da bi. Idan aka kwatanta da ingancin haske mai kama da juna, ƙimar 'ya'yan itace masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan ja da shuɗi a ƙarƙashin maganin ƙarin haske mai hade ya ƙaru da kashi 304.46%.

Ƙara hasken ja ga 'ya'yan kokwamba na iya ƙara yawan ganyen gaske, yankin ganye, tsayin shuka, diamita na tushe, busasshe da sabo, ƙarfin shuka mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin tushen sa, aikin SOD da kuma yawan furotin mai narkewa na 'ya'yan kokwamba. Ƙara UV-B na iya ƙara yawan chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b da carotenoids a cikin ganyen kokwamba. Idan aka kwatanta da haske na halitta, ƙara hasken LED ja da shuɗi na iya ƙara yawan yankin ganye, ingancin abu busasshe da ƙarfin ma'aunin shuka na 'ya'yan tumatir. Ƙara hasken ja na LED da hasken kore yana ƙara tsayi da kauri na tushen shuka. Maganin hasken kore na LED na iya ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin kokwamba da tumatir sosai, kuma nauyin sabbin da busassun 'ya'yan itacen yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin haske na kore, yayin da kauri da ma'aunin 'ya'yan tumatir masu ƙarfi duk suna bin hasken haske na kore. Ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa. Haɗin hasken ja da shuɗi na LED na iya ƙara kauri na tushe, yankin ganye, nauyin busasshen dukkan shuka, rabon tushe zuwa harbe, da ma'aunin 'ya'yan eggplant masu ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da farin haske, hasken ja na LED zai iya ƙara yawan tsiron kabeji da kuma haɓaka tsayin tsiro da faɗaɗa ganyen kabeji. Hasken shuɗi na LED yana haɓaka girman kauri, tarin busassun abubuwa da kuma ma'aunin shuka mai ƙarfi na shukar kabeji, kuma yana sa shukar kabeji ta yi ƙanƙanta. Sakamakon da ke sama ya nuna cewa fa'idodin shukar kayan lambu da aka noma tare da fasahar daidaita haske a bayyane yake.

Tasirin ƙarin hasken LED akan ingancin abinci mai gina jiki na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu

Sunadaran furotin, sukari, acid na halitta da kuma bitamin da ke cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu sune kayan abinci masu amfani ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Ingancin haske na iya shafar abubuwan da ke cikin VC a cikin tsirrai ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan hada VC da kuma rugujewar enzyme, kuma yana iya daidaita metabolism na furotin da tarin carbohydrates a cikin tsire-tsire na lambu. Hasken ja yana haɓaka tarin carbohydrates, maganin hasken shuɗi yana da amfani ga samuwar furotin, yayin da haɗin haske ja da shuɗi na iya inganta ingancin abinci mai gina jiki na tsirrai fiye da hasken monochromatic.

Ƙara hasken LED ja ko shuɗi zai iya rage yawan nitrate a cikin latas, ƙara hasken LED shuɗi ko kore zai iya haɓaka tarin sukari mai narkewa a cikin latas, kuma ƙara hasken LED mai infrared yana da amfani ga tarin VC a cikin latas. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙarin hasken shuɗi zai iya inganta yawan VC da furotin mai narkewa a cikin tumatir; haske ja da shuɗi mai haɗuwa na iya haɓaka yawan sukari da acid na 'ya'yan tumatir, kuma rabon sukari da acid shine mafi girma a ƙarƙashin hasken ja mai haɗuwa; haske ja mai haɗuwa na iya inganta yawan VC na 'ya'yan kokwamba.

Fenol, flavonoids, anthocyanins da sauran abubuwa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu ba wai kawai suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan launi, dandano da ƙimar kayayyaki na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu ba, har ma suna da aikin antioxidant na halitta, kuma suna iya hana ko cire radicals masu kyauta a cikin jikin ɗan adam yadda ya kamata.

Amfani da hasken shuɗi na LED don ƙara haske zai iya ƙara yawan anthocyanin a fatar eggplant da kashi 73.6%, yayin amfani da hasken ja na LED da haɗin hasken ja da shuɗi na iya ƙara yawan flavonoids da jimlar phenols. Hasken shuɗi na iya haɓaka tarin lycopene, flavonoids da anthocyanins a cikin 'ya'yan tumatir. Haɗin hasken ja da shuɗi yana haɓaka samar da anthocyanins zuwa wani mataki, amma yana hana haɗa flavonoids. Idan aka kwatanta da maganin farin haske, maganin ja na iya ƙara yawan anthocyanin a cikin harbe-harben latas, amma maganin shuɗi yana da mafi ƙarancin adadin anthocyanin. Jimlar yawan phenol na ganyen kore, ganyen shunayya da latas ganye ya fi girma a ƙarƙashin hasken fari, haɗin haske ja-shuna da haske shuɗi, amma shine mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙarƙashin maganin ja. Ƙarin hasken ultraviolet na LED ko hasken lemu na iya ƙara yawan abubuwan phenolic a cikin ganyen latas, yayin da ƙarin hasken kore na iya ƙara yawan anthocyanins. Saboda haka, amfani da hasken LED hanya ce mai inganci don daidaita ingancin abinci mai gina jiki na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu a cikin noman lambu.

Tasirin ƙarin hasken LED akan hana tsufa na tsirrai

Lalacewar Chlorophyll, asarar furotin cikin sauri da kuma RNA hydrolysis a lokacin tsufar tsirrai galibi suna bayyana ne a matsayin tsufar ganye. Chloroplasts suna da matukar saurin kamuwa da canje-canje a yanayin haske na waje, musamman ma idan ingancin haske ya shafe su. Hasken ja, haske shuɗi da haske mai hade da ja-shuɗi suna taimakawa wajen haifar da chloroplast, haske shuɗi yana taimakawa wajen tara ƙwayoyin sitaci a cikin chloroplasts, kuma, hasken ja da haske mai nisa suna da mummunan tasiri akan ci gaban chloroplast. Haɗin haske shuɗi da haske ja da shuɗi na iya haɓaka haɗakar chlorophyll a cikin ganyen shukar kokwamba, kuma haɗin hasken ja da shuɗi na iya jinkirta raguwar abubuwan chlorophyll na ganye a matakin ƙarshe. Wannan tasirin ya fi bayyana tare da raguwar rabon haske ja da ƙaruwar rabon haske shuɗi. Yawan chlorophyll na ganyen kokwamba a ƙarƙashin maganin haske ja da shuɗi mai hade da LED ya fi girma fiye da wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon sarrafa hasken fluorescent da kuma maganin haske ja da shuɗi mai kama da juna. Hasken shuɗi na LED na iya ƙara ƙimar chlorophyll a/b na tsirrai na tafarnuwa kore sosai.

A lokacin tsufa, akwai cytokinins (CTK), auxin (IAA), canje-canje a cikin abun ciki na abscisic acid (ABA) da kuma canje-canje iri-iri a cikin ayyukan enzymes. Abubuwan da ke cikin hormones na shuka suna da sauƙin shafar yanayin haske. Halayen haske daban-daban suna da tasirin tsari daban-daban akan hormones na shuka, kuma matakan farko na hanyar canja wurin siginar haske sun haɗa da cytokinins.

CTK yana haɓaka faɗaɗa ƙwayoyin ganye, yana haɓaka photosynthesis na ganye, yayin da yake hana ayyukan ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease da protease, kuma yana jinkirta lalacewar ƙwayoyin nucleic acid, sunadarai da chlorophyll, don haka yana iya jinkirta tsufar ganye sosai. Akwai hulɗa tsakanin haske da tsarin ci gaba wanda CTK ke jagoranta, kuma haske na iya ƙarfafa ƙaruwar matakan cytokinin na ciki. Lokacin da kyallen tsirrai ke cikin yanayin tsufa, yawan cytokinin na ciki yana raguwa.

IAA galibi yana taruwa ne a sassan girma mai ƙarfi, kuma babu wani abu da ke cikin tsofaffin kyallen takarda ko gabobin jiki. Hasken Violet na iya ƙara yawan aikin indole acetic acid oxidase, kuma ƙarancin matakan IAA na iya hana tsayi da girman tsirrai.

Ana samun ABA galibi a cikin kyallen ganye masu tsufa, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma, iri, tushe, saiwoyi da sauran sassa. Yawan ABA na kokwamba da kabeji a ƙarƙashin haɗin hasken ja da shuɗi ya yi ƙasa da na haske fari da haske shuɗi.

Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) sune enzymes masu kariya daga haske a cikin tsirrai. Idan tsirrai suka tsufa, ayyukan waɗannan enzymes za su ragu da sauri.

Halayen haske daban-daban suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ayyukan enzyme na hana tsufa a shuka. Bayan kwanaki 9 na maganin hasken ja, aikin APX na 'ya'yan itacen rape ya ƙaru sosai, kuma aikin POD ya ragu. Ayyukan POD na tumatir bayan kwanaki 15 na hasken ja da hasken shuɗi ya fi na farin haske da kashi 20.9% da kashi 11.7%, bi da bi. Bayan kwanaki 20 na maganin hasken kore, aikin POD na tumatir shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kashi 55.4% kawai na farin haske. Ƙara hasken shuɗi na awanni 4 na iya ƙara yawan furotin mai narkewa, ayyukan enzyme na POD, SOD, APX, da CAT a cikin ganyen kokwamba a matakin shuka. Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan SOD da APX a hankali suna raguwa tare da tsawaita haske. Ayyukan SOD da APX a ƙarƙashin hasken shuɗi da hasken ja suna raguwa a hankali amma koyaushe yana da girma fiye da na farin haske. Hasken ja yana rage ayyukan peroxidase da IAA peroxidase na ganyen tumatir da IAA peroxidase na ganyen eggplant, amma ya sa aikin peroxidase na ganyen eggplant ya ƙaru sosai. Saboda haka, amfani da dabarun ƙarin hasken LED mai kyau zai iya jinkirta tsufar amfanin gona na lambu da inganta yawan amfanin gona da inganci.

Gina da amfani da dabarar hasken LED

Girma da ci gaban tsirrai suna da tasiri sosai saboda ingancin haske da kuma bambancin rabon abun da ke ciki. Tsarin haske ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa kamar rabon ingancin haske, ƙarfin haske, da lokacin haske. Tunda tsire-tsire daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don haske da matakai daban-daban na girma da ci gaba, ana buƙatar mafi kyawun haɗin ingancin haske, ƙarfin haske da lokacin ƙarin haske ga amfanin gona da aka noma.

 ◆Rabon haske

Idan aka kwatanta da haske fari da haske ja da shuɗi guda ɗaya, haɗin hasken ja da shuɗi na LED yana da fa'ida mai girma akan girma da haɓaka 'ya'yan kokwamba da kabeji.

Idan rabon hasken ja da shuɗi ya kai 8:2, kauri na tushen shuka, tsayin shuka, nauyin busasshen shuka, nauyin sabo, ƙimar shuka mai ƙarfi, da sauransu, suna ƙaruwa sosai, kuma yana da amfani ga samuwar matrix na chloroplast da basal lamella kuma fitowar haɗuwar tasu tana da mahimmanci.

Amfani da haɗin ingancin ja, kore da shuɗi don tsiron wake ja yana da amfani ga tarin busasshen abu, kuma hasken kore na iya haɓaka tarin busasshen abu na wake ja. Girman yana bayyana ne lokacin da rabon haske ja, kore da shuɗi ya kasance 6:2:1. Tasirin tsayin daka na shukar wake ja shine mafi kyau a ƙarƙashin rabon haske ja da shuɗi na 8:1, kuma tsayin daka na shukar wake ja hypocotyl a bayyane yake an hana shi ƙarƙashin rabon haske ja da shuɗi na 6:3, amma yawan furotin mai narkewa shine mafi girma.

Idan rabon hasken ja da shuɗi ya kasance 8:1 ga 'ya'yan loofah, ma'aunin 'ya'yan loofah mai ƙarfi da kuma sukari mai narkewa a cikin 'ya'yan loofah shine mafi girma. Lokacin amfani da ingancin haske tare da rabon hasken ja da shuɗi na 6:3, yawan chlorophyll a, rabon chlorophyll a/b, da kuma yawan furotin mai narkewa a cikin 'ya'yan loofah sune mafi girma.

Lokacin amfani da rabon haske ja da shuɗi ga seleri na 3:1, yana iya haɓaka haɓakar tsayin shukar seleri, tsawon petiole, adadin ganye, ingancin abu busasshe, yawan VC, yawan furotin mai narkewa da kuma yawan sukari mai narkewa. A cikin noman tumatir, ƙara yawan hasken shuɗi na LED yana haɓaka samuwar lycopene, amino acid kyauta da flavonoids, kuma ƙara yawan haske ja yana haɓaka samuwar acid mai narkewa. Lokacin da hasken da ke da rabon haske ja da shuɗi zuwa ganyen latas ya kai 8:1, yana da amfani ga tarin carotenoids, kuma yana rage yawan nitrates kuma yana ƙara yawan VC.

 ◆Ƙarfin haske

Shuke-shuken da ke girma a ƙarƙashin haske mai rauni sun fi saurin kamuwa da hasken photoinhibitory fiye da ƙarƙashin haske mai ƙarfi. Yawan hasken photosynthesis na tsirrai na tumatir yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar hasken [50, 150, 200, 300, 450, 550μmol/(m²·s)], wanda ke nuna yanayin ƙaruwa da farko sannan raguwa, kuma a 300μmol/(m²·s) don isa matsakaicin. Tsawon shuka, yankin ganye, yawan ruwa da abun ciki na VC na latas ya ƙaru sosai a ƙarƙashin maganin ƙarfin haske na 150μmol/(m²·s). A ƙarƙashin maganin ƙarfin haske na 200μmol/(m²·s), sabon nauyi, jimillar nauyi da abun ciki na amino acid kyauta sun ƙaru sosai, kuma a ƙarƙashin maganin ƙarfin haske na 300μmol/(m²·s), yankin ganye, abun ciki na ruwa, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b da carotenoids na latas duk sun ragu. Idan aka kwatanta da duhu, tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin haske na LED [3, 9, 15 μmol/(m²·s)], yawan chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, da chlorophyll a+b na ƙwayoyin wake baƙi sun ƙaru sosai. Yawan VC shine mafi girma a 3μmol/(m²·s), kuma furotin mai narkewa, sukari mai narkewa da abun cikin sucrose sune mafi girma a 9μmol/(m²·s). A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin iri ɗaya, tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin haske [(2~2.5)lx×103 lx, (4~4.5)lx×103 lx, (6~6.5)lx×103 lx], lokacin shukar 'ya'yan itacen barkono yana raguwa, yawan sukari mai narkewa ya ƙaru, amma yawan chlorophyll a da carotenoids a hankali ya ragu.

 ◆Lokacin haske

Tsawaita lokacin haske yadda ya kamata zai iya rage ƙarancin hasken da rashin isasshen hasken ke haifarwa zuwa wani mataki, yana taimakawa wajen tara kayayyakin photosynthesis na amfanin gona na lambu, da kuma cimma tasirin ƙara yawan amfanin gona da inganta inganci. Yawan VC na tsiron ya nuna ƙaruwa a hankali tare da tsawaita lokacin haske (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20h/rana), yayin da yawan amino acid kyauta, ayyukan SOD da CAT duk sun nuna raguwar yanayin. Tare da tsawaita lokacin haske (12, 15, 18h), sabon nauyin shuke-shuken kabeji na China ya ƙaru sosai. Yawan VC a cikin ganye da ganyen kabeji na China ya kasance mafi girma a awanni 15 da 12h, bi da bi. Yawan furotin da ke narkewa a cikin ganyen kabeji na China ya ragu a hankali, amma ciyayin sun kasance mafi girma bayan awanni 15. Yawan sukari da ke narkewa a cikin ganyen kabeji na China ya ƙaru a hankali, yayin da ciyayin suka kasance mafi girma a awanni 12h. Idan rabon hasken ja da shuɗi ya kasance 1:2, idan aka kwatanta da lokacin haske na awanni 12, maganin haske na awanni 20 yana rage adadin phenols da flavonoids a cikin latas kore, amma idan rabon hasken ja da shuɗi ya kasance 2:1, maganin haske na awanni 20 ya ƙara yawan phenols da flavonoids a cikin latas kore sosai.

Daga abin da ke sama, za a iya ganin cewa dabarun haske daban-daban suna da tasiri daban-daban akan photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis da metabolism na carbon da nitrogen na nau'ikan amfanin gona daban-daban. Yadda ake samun mafi kyawun dabarar haske, tsarin tushen haske da kuma tsara dabarun sarrafawa masu hankali yana buƙatar nau'ikan tsire-tsire a matsayin wurin farawa, kuma, ya kamata a yi gyare-gyare masu dacewa bisa ga buƙatun kayayyaki na amfanin gona na lambu, manufofin samarwa, abubuwan samarwa, da sauransu, don cimma burin sarrafa yanayin haske da amfanin gona na lambu masu inganci da yawan amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin yanayin adana makamashi.

Matsalolin da ke tattare da kuma hanyoyin magance su

Babban fa'idar hasken LED shine yana iya yin gyare-gyare masu kyau dangane da buƙatun halayen photosynthesis, yanayin halitta, inganci da yawan amfanin gona daban-daban. Nau'ikan amfanin gona daban-daban da lokutan girma daban-daban na amfanin gona iri ɗaya duk suna da buƙatu daban-daban don ingancin haske, ƙarfin haske da lokacin daukar hoto. Wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin haɓakawa da haɓaka binciken dabarar haske don samar da babban rumbun adana bayanai na dabarar haske. Tare da bincike da haɓaka fitilun ƙwararru, matsakaicin ƙimar fitilun LED a aikace-aikacen noma za a iya cimmawa, don adana makamashi mafi kyau, inganta ingancin samarwa da fa'idodin tattalin arziki. Amfani da hasken LED a cikin aikin gona ya nuna kuzari mai ƙarfi, amma farashin kayan aikin hasken LED ko na'urori yana da tsada sosai, kuma saka hannun jari sau ɗaya yana da yawa. Bukatun haske na ƙarin amfanin gona daban-daban a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli ba a bayyane suke ba, hasken ƙarin, ƙarfin da ba shi da kyau da lokacin hasken girma ba makawa zai haifar da matsaloli daban-daban a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antar hasken girma.

Duk da haka, tare da ci gaba da inganta fasaha da kuma rage farashin samar da hasken LED, za a yi amfani da ƙarin hasken LED sosai a fannin noman lambu. A lokaci guda, ci gaba da ci gaban tsarin fasahar ƙarin hasken LED da haɗin sabbin makamashi zai ba da damar haɓaka ayyukan noma, noma na iyali, noma na birane da noma na sararin samaniya cikin sauri don biyan buƙatun mutane na amfanin gona na lambu a cikin yanayi na musamman.